Table 7.

Adjusted prevalence odds ratios (POR) of metabolic syndrome (MetS) biomarkers in relationship to intake of added sugar by quintile among US non-Hispanic white adolescents (aged 12–19 years), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2012: multivariate logistic regression

		Mean added sugar intake
		Q1:	Q2: 62·7 g/d		Q3: 87·8 g/d		Q4: 121·9 g/d		Q5: 200·8 g/d
MetS biomarker/ indicator	Sample size	32·5 g/d	POR	95 % CI	POR	95 % CI	POR	95 % CI	POR	95 % CI
TAG	427	Ref.	0·2*	0·1, 0·8	2·1†	0·9, 5·2	1·8†	0·6, 5·4	2·4†	0·7, 8·4
HDL-C	447	Ref.	1·2	0·4, 3·8	2·9*	1·1, 7·8	5·4*,†	1·9, 15·1	6·8*,†,‡	2·2, 21·7
TAG:HDL-C	427	Ref.	0·6	0·2, 1·9	2·5*,†	1·3, 4·9	2·2†	0·7, 7·4	3·1*,‡	1·1, 8·7
BG	427	Ref.	0·9	0·5, 1·8	0·8	0·4, 2·3	1·0	0·4, 2·3	1·2	0·5, 3·2
Insulin	425	Ref.	1·3	0·5, 3·9	3·3*	1·6, 6·9	1·3‡	0·5, 3·0	1·3‡	0·5, 3·1
HOMA-IR	425	Ref.	1·6	0·5, 5·0	2·6	0·8, 8·1	1·9	0·8, 5·0	2·3	0·8, 6·6
WC	445	Ref.	0·9	0·2, 3·4	1·8	0·4, 7·5	2·3	0·5, 11·0	3·5	0·5, 24·6
Uric acid	442	Ref.	1·0	0·4, 2·9	1·7	0·7, 4·4	1·4	0·5, 3·6	1·5	0·5, 4·3
ALT	436	Ref.	1·1	0·4, 3·3	1·6	0·6, 4·1	0·6	0·3, 1·6	0·6	0·2, 1·8

HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; BG, blood glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; WC, waist circumference; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; Ref., reference category.

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and MetS had insufficient cell sizes to populate.

Added sugar quintile ranges: Q1, 1·8–49·9 g/d; Q2, 50·2–74·9 g/d; Q3, 75·0–100·9 g/d; Q4, 100·9–147·0 g; Q5, 147·4–412·8 g/d.

^*Statistically significant (P<0·05) adjusted for physical activity, age, BMI Z-score and energy intake.

^†Statistically significant compared with Q2 (Wald test, P<0·05) adjusted for physical activity, age, BMI Z-score and energy intake.

^‡Statistically significant compared with Q3 (Wald test, P<0·05) adjusted for physical activity, age, BMI Z-score and energy intake.