Table 2.
Plasma concentrations of carotenoids and recorded food intakes in the web-based food recall (WebFR) among 4th graders (8–9 years) and 8th graders (12–14 years) in Norway (n 261), September–December 2013
| Median | P25 | P75 | Mean | sd | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma carotenoid concentration (μm)* | |||||
| β-Carotene | 0·45 | 0·33 | 0·66 | 0·53 | 0·26 |
| α-Carotene | 0·12 | 0·07 | 0·19 | 0·15 | 0·13 |
| β-Cryptoxanthin | 0·15 | 0·11 | 0·23 | 0·19 | 0·13 |
| Lycopene | 0·74 | 0·57 | 0·95 | 0·78 | 0·31 |
| Lutein+zeaxanthin | 0·27 | 0·21 | 0·33 | 0·28 | 0·10 |
| Total carotenoids | 1·86 | 1·47 | 2·33 | 1·94 | 0·63 |
| WebFR intake (g/d) | |||||
| Vegetables | 66·8 | 36·7 | 105·6 | 82·8 | 67·3 |
| Fruits | 64·1 | 25·4 | 134·8 | 95·1 | 106·3 |
| Juice | 50·0 | 0·0 | 137·5 | 80·0 | 93·1 |
| Sum VFJ | 225·1 | 132·3 | 348·2 | 257·9 | 172·9 |
| β-Carotene RF† | 13·9 | 3·2 | 32·5 | 23·7 | 30·5 |
| α-Carotene RF‡ | 3·8 | 0·0 | 17·5 | 12·6 | 21·1 |
| β-Cryptoxanthin RF§ | 21·3 | 0·0 | 61·9 | 45·7 | 63·4 |
| Lycopene RF|| | 23·5 | 9·2 | 44·4 | 32·7 | 35·7 |
| Lutein+zeaxanthin RF¶ | 13·0 | 2·1 | 30·1 | 20·9 | 25·1 |
| Total carotenoid RF** | 80·6 | 46·1 | 150·8 | 103·6 | 80·7 |
P25, 25th percentile; P75, 75th percentile; sum VFJ, sum of vegetables, fruits and juice; RF, rich foods.
The dried blood spot method was used to collect samples of non-fasting whole blood. A fixed haematocrit value of 2 was used to convert whole-blood values to plasma values.
Foods included (presented in descending order from the most eaten): carrot, broccoli, pepper, lettuce, leek, spinach, apricot, cantaloupe melon, parsley, chilli.
Foods included: carrot.
Foods included (presented in descending order from the most eaten): orange juice, clementine, pepper, orange, corn (maize), mango, watermelon, popcorn, pineapple, peach, basil, chilli.
Foods included (presented in descending order from the most eaten): canned tomato, fresh tomato, ketchup, fresh cherry tomato, tomato puree, watermelon, boiled tomato, tomato soup powder.
Foods included (presented in descending order from the most eaten): broccoli, pepper, lettuce, corn (maize), cornflakes, corn meal, leek, popcorn, peas, corn flour, Brussels sprouts, spinach, basil, parsley.
Foods included: all foods included in the carotenoid-rich foods for the single carotenoids.