Table 5.
Comparison of the nutritional characteristics of the children in the control group (CG) and the intervention group (IG) at baseline. EniM study (nutritional intervention study among children from Mataró), Spain
| CG (n 74) | IG (n 75) | Total (n 149) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean or n | sd or % | Mean or n | sd or % | Mean or n | sd or % | P | |
| Breast-feeding | |||||||
| Months breast-feeding | 6·4 | 5·7 | 5·1 | 4·8 | 5·7 | 5·3 | 0·15 |
| Continues breast-feeding (n, %) | 8 | 11 | 7 | 9 | 15 | 10 | 0·76 |
| Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Kidmed test)* | 7·5 | 1·6 | 7·8 | 1·5 | 7·7 | 1·6 | 0·23 |
| Food consumption (servings/d)† | |||||||
| Potatoes, rice and pasta | 1·5 | 0·8 | 1·6 | 1·0 | 1·5 | 0·9 | 0·85 |
| Bread, wholewheat bread and cereals | 1·1 | 0·8 | 0·9 | 0·8 | 1·0 | 0·8 | 0·23 |
| Vegetables and garden produce | 1·7 | 1·1 | 2·1 | 1·3 | 1·9 | 1·2 | 0·08 |
| Fruit | 2·0 | 1·4 | 1·9 | 1·0 | 1·9 | 1·2 | 0·43 |
| Olive oil | 1·0 | 0·7 | 1·0 | 0·6 | 1·0 | 0·7 | 0·43 |
| Milk and derivatives | 1·3 | 1·1 | 1·5 | 1·4 | 1·4 | 1·3 | 0·43 |
| Fish | 0·5 | 0·4 | 0·5 | 0·2 | 0·5 | 0·3 | 0·44 |
| Lean meat | 0·4 | 0·3 | 0·5 | 0·3 | 0·4 | 0·3 | 0·73 |
| Poultry | 0·4 | 0·3 | 0·5 | 0·5 | 0·5 | 0·4 | 0·38 |
| Eggs | 0·2 | 0·2 | 0·2 | 0·2 | 0·2 | 0·2 | 0·72 |
| Legumes | 0·3 | 0·2 | 0·2 | 0·2 | 0·3 | 0·2 | 0·03 |
| Nuts | 0·0 | 0·1 | 0·0 | 0·1 | 0·0 | 0·1 | 1·00 |
| Sausages and fatty meats | 0·4 | 0·4 | 0·4 | 0·4 | 0·4 | 0·4 | 0·85 |
| Sweets, snacks, soft drinks | 0·4 | 1·1 | 0·4 | 0·8 | 0·4 | 1·0 | 0·63 |
| Butter, margarine and industrial bakery products | 1·2 | 1·0 | 0·8 | 0·8 | 1·0 | 0·9 | 0·03 |
| Drinking-water | 2·6 | 1·8 | 2·1 | 1·7 | 2·4 | 1·8 | 0·08 |
| Daily intakes of macro- and micronutrients | |||||||
| Energy (kJ) | 5213 | 1711 | 5284 | 1966 | 5247 | 1837 | 0·81 |
| Saturated fats (g) | 14·7 | 8·7 | 15·0 | 11·9 | 14·9 | 10·4 | 0·86 |
| Monounsaturated fats (g) | 21·7 | 8·6 | 22·8 | 10·8 | 22·3 | 9·7 | 0·49 |
| Polyunsaturated fats (g) | 6·3 | 4·0 | 5·3 | 3·0 | 5·8 | 3·5 | 0·09 |
| Sugars (g) | 88·7 | 31·7 | 89·6 | 32·2 | 89·1 | 31·9 | 0·86 |
| Polysaccharides (g) | 70·8 | 28·4 | 73·1 | 25·4 | 71·9 | 26·9 | 0·59 |
| Vegetable protein (g) | 15·8 | 7·5 | 14·2 | 4·9 | 15·0 | 6·3 | 0·14 |
| Animal protein (g) | 33·2 | 14·9 | 35·4 | 18·9 | 34·3 | 17·0 | 0·42 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 144·9 | 80·5 | 153·4 | 100·0 | 149·2 | 90·6 | 0·57 |
| Ca (mg) | 839·7 | 336·2 | 906·2 | 414·7 | 872·9 | 377·7 | 0·29 |
| Vitamin D (ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol; µg) | 5·3 | 3·5 | 6·7 | 3·3 | 6·0 | 3·5 | 0·01 |
| Vitamin C (ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid; mg) | 145·3 | 67·6 | 153·8 | 56·0 | 149·5 | 62·0 | 0·41 |
*
The possible score ranges from −4 (null adherence) to 12 (total adherence).
†
Groups of foods and servings according to the Spanish Society of Paediatrics (S-PED).