Table 4.
Crude and adjusted associations between quintiles of the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) and pregnancy and birth outcomes for women in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health 1973–78 cohort
| ARFS total | Gestational hypertension | Gestational diabetes mellitus | Premature birth | Low birth weight | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile | score range | OR | 95 % CI | P value | OR | 95 % CI | P value | OR | 95 % CI | P value | OR | 95 % CI | P value |
| Crude associations | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 4–24 | 1·0 | Ref. | – | 1·0 | Ref. | – | 1·0 | Ref. | – | 1·0 | Ref. | – |
| 2 | 25–29 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·2 | 0·1 | 1·2 | 0·5, 2·7 | 0·6 | 0·9 | 0·5, 1·7 | 0·1 | 0·6 | 0·3, 1·3 | 0·2 |
| 3 | 30–34 | 1·0 | 0·7, 1·7 | 0·9 | 1·8 | 0·9, 3·7 | 0·1 | 1·2 | 0·7, 2·1 | 0·5 | 0·5 | 0·3, 1·1 | 0·1 |
| 4 | 35–39 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·2 | 0·4 | 1·4 | 0·7, 3·0 | 0·4 | 0·9 | 0·5, 1·6 | 0·8 | 0·6 | 0·3, 1·2 | 0·1 |
| 5 | 40–63 | 0·4 | 0·2, 0·7 | ≤0·01** | 1·8 | 0·9, 3·8 | 0·1 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·4 | 0·3 | 0·4 | 0·2, 0·9 | 0·02* |
| Adjusted associations† | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 4–24 | 1·0 | Ref. | – | 1·0 | Ref. | – | 1·0 | Ref. | – | 1·0 | Ref. | – |
| 2 | 25–29 | 0·8 | 0·4, 1·6 | 0·6 | 1·3 | 0·5, 3·2 | 0·6 | 0·7 | 0·3, 1·4 | 0·3 | 0·8 | 0·3, 1·8 | 0·5 |
| 3 | 30–34 | 1·4 | 0·8, 2·5 | 1·1 | 2·0 | 0·9, 4·5 | 0·1 | 1·1 | 0·6, 2·0 | 0·2 | 0·8 | 0·3, 1·8 | 0·6 |
| 4 | 35–39 | 1·1 | 0·6, 2·0 | 0·9 | 1·3 | 0·5, 3·2 | 0·5 | 0·8 | 0·4, 1·6 | 0·5 | 0·5 | 0·2, 1·2 | 0·1 |
| 5 | 40–63 | 0·4 | 0·2, 0·9 | 0·04* | 1·7 | 0·7, 4·0 | 0·2 | 0·5 | 0·2, 1·1 | 0·1 | 0·4 | 0·1, 1·1 | 0·1 |
Ref., reference category.
*P value is statistically significant at ≤0·05.
**P value is statistically significant at ≤0·01.
†
Adjusted for level of education, area of residence, smoking status, parity, age, weight and level of exercise.