Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of the study participants by mortality status within a mean follow-up period of 10·67 (sd 4·74) years: adults (n 4846) aged 60 years or above, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III, 1988–1994
| Alive (n 1892) | Dead (all-cause) (n 2954) | Dead (CVD) (n 1532) | Total (n 4846) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | |
| Energy intake (kJ/d)***,††† | 7268·65 | 3249·71 | 6782·56 | 3065·74 | 6611·31 | 2969·47 | 6972·34 | 3147·46 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d)***,††† | 1737·25 | 776·70 | 1621·07 | 732·73 | 1580·14 | 709·72 | 1666·43 | 752·26 |
| Physical activity frequency per week***,††† | 3·42 | 3·78 | 2·97 | 3·73 | 2·96 | 3·78 | 3·14 | 3·76 |
| Energy required (kJ/d)***,††† | 8700·59 | 2073·21 | 8171·85 | 2118·40 | 8085·96 | 2067·31 | 8378·29 | 2116·43 |
| Energy required (kcal/d)***,††† | 2079·49 | 495·51 | 1953·12 | 506·31 | 1932·59 | 494·10 | 2002·46 | 505·84 |
| Age (years)**,†† | 67·67 | 5·71 | 75·19 | 7·91 | 75·96 | 7·93 | 72·26 | 8·02 |
| BMI (kg/m2)***,††† | 27·71 | 5·04 | 26·65 | 5·14 | 26·73 | 5·24 | 27·06 | 5·13 |
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Sex***,††† | ||||||||
| Male | 787 | 41·60 | 1542 | 52·20 | 763 | 49·80 | 2329 | 48·06 |
| Race***,††† | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 998 | 52·75 | 1812 | 61·34 | 943 | 61·55 | 2810 | 57·99 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 377 | 19·93 | 592 | 20·04 | 313 | 20·43 | 969 | 20·00 |
| Mexican-American | 439 | 23·20 | 487 | 16·49 | 245 | 15·99 | 926 | 19·11 |
| Others | 78 | 4·12 | 63 | 2·13 | 31 | 2·02 | 141 | 2·91 |
| Education***,††† | ||||||||
| ≥12 years | 947 | 50·05 | 1197 | 40·52 | 624 | 40·73 | 2144 | 44·24 |
| Smoker*** | ||||||||
| Yes | 277 | 14·64 | 592 | 20·04 | 261 | 17·04 | 869 | 17·93 |
| Hypertension‡,***,††† | ||||||||
| Yes | 1122 | 59·30 | 2096 | 70·95 | 1146 | 74·80 | 3218 | 66·41 |
| Type 2 diabetes§,***,††† | ||||||||
| Yes | 231 | 12·21 | 654 | 22·14 | 361 | 23·56 | 885 | 18·26 |
| High C-reactive protein level||,* | ||||||||
| Yes | 29 | 1·53 | 78 | 2·64 | 37 | 2·42 | 107 | 2·21 |
*,**,***Significantly different between alive and dead (all-cause) at the 5 %, 1 % or 0·1 % level, respectively.
†,††,†††Significantly different between alive and dead (CVD) at the 5 %, 1 % or 0·1 % level, respectively.
‡
Evidence of hypertension: blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or self-reported doctor-diagnosed hypertension.
§
Evidence of type 2 diabetes: fasting plasma glucose >126 mg/dl, glycated Hb >6·5 %, or self-reported doctor-diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
||
C-reactive protein >3·0 mg/l.