Table 4.

Regression coefficients of food insecurity for intake of each food group among Korean adults aged ≥19 years from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2012)

			Food insufficiency status
			Mildly food insufficient		Severely food insufficient
Sex	Food group (%RS)	Food sufficient	β	se	β	se
Total†	Grains	Ref.	1·8	0·8*	6·5	2·0**
	MFEB	Ref.	−4·0	1·5**	−9·5	3·1**
	Vegetables	Ref.	−5·7	2·0**	−18·8	4·4***
	Fruits	Ref.	−10·3	2·9***	−40·2	7·0***
	Milk and dairy products	Ref.	−0·5	2·1	−6·8	4·7
	Oils and sugars	Ref.	1·8	2·5	6·1	6·9
Men‡	Grains	Ref.	1·7	1·1	7·6	3·7*
	MFEB	Ref.	−3·5	2·2	−17·2	5·0***
	Vegetables	Ref.	−5·0	2·9	−27·3	7·0***
	Fruits	Ref.	−7·4	3·5*	−31·7	7·9***
	Milk and dairy products	Ref.	3·9	3·1	−1·1	8·0
	Oils and sugars	Ref.	2·4	3·5	12·1	12·5
Women‡	Grains	Ref.	2·6	0·8**	6·7	2·1**
	MFEB	Ref.	−4·4	1·6**	−3·2	3·7
	Vegetables	Ref.	−6·0	2·2**	−10·7	4·9*
	Fruits	Ref.	−11·5	4·2**	−46·0	9·5***
	Milk and dairy products	Ref.	−4·3	2·3	−11·4	4·7*
	Oils and sugars	Ref.	2·1	3·0	2·3	7·4

β, β coefficient; %RS, percentage of recommended daily serving consumed for each of the six food groups; MFEB, meat, fish, eggs and beans; Ref., reference category.

All analyses accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights of the national population-based survey.

*P<0·05, **P<0·01, ***P<0·001.

^†Model was adjusted for age (continuous), sex, living area, household type, household size (continuous), monthly household income (continuous), education level and total energy intake (continuous).

^‡Model was adjusted for age (continuous), living area, household type, household size (continuous), monthly household income (continuous), education level and total energy intake (continuous).