Table 3.
Risk factors for clustering of stunting and severe stunting among children under the age of 5 years in five kebeles, Butajera, Ethiopia, 2014
| Stunting | Severe stunting | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases within an identified spatial cluster | Cases within an identified spatial cluster | |||||||||||||||
| Explanatory variable | Yes (n) | % | No (n) | % | Crude OR | 95 % CI | Adjusted OR | 95 % CI | Yes (n) | % | No (n) | % | Crude OR | 95 % CI | Adjusted OR | 95 % CI |
| Child morbidity | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 256 | 43·9 | 327 | 56·1 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 76 | 25·8 | 219 | 74·2 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Yes | 134 | 36·1 | 237 | 63·9 | 0·72 | 0·42, 1·22 | 0·89 | 0·54, 1·48 | 30 | 19·1 | 127 | 80·9 | 0·68 | 0·39, 1·18 | 0·88 | 0·51, 1·53 |
| Household diet | ||||||||||||||||
| Household food insecurity | ||||||||||||||||
| Food secure | 77 | 39·7 | 117 | 60·3 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 11 | 12·6 | 76 | 87·4 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Food insecure | 313 | 41·2 | 447 | 58·8 | 1·07 | 0·54, 2·09 | 0·77 | 0·47, 1·28 | 95 | 26·0 | 270 | 74·0 | 2·44 | 1·53, 3·89 | 3·73*** | 2·58, 5·39 |
| Household food diversity score | ||||||||||||||||
| ≤3 | 275 | 40·1 | 411 | 59·5 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 75 | 23·2 | 249 | 76·9 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| ≥4 | 115 | 42·9 | 153 | 57·1 | 1·12 | 0·72, 1·74 | 1·00 | 0·52, 1·97 | 31 | 24·2 | 97 | 75·8 | 1·06 | 0·75, 1·48 | 1·38*** | 1·14, 1·68 |
| Household characteristics | ||||||||||||||||
| Wealth quintiles | ||||||||||||||||
| Poorest | 160 | 65·8 | 83 | 34·2 | 12·34 | 4·05, 37·58 | 1·87 | 0·95, 3·69 | 49 | 40·8 | 71 | 59·2 | 10·08 | 2·66, 38·21 | 2·20 | 0·56, 8·67 |
| Poor | 79 | 42·5 | 107 | 57·5 | 4·73 | 1·52, 14·70 | 0·93 | 0·19, 4·29 | 20 | 22·0 | 71 | 78·0 | 4·11 | 1·42, 11·95 | 1·36 | 0·41, 4·58 |
| Middle | 73 | 38·6 | 116 | 61·4 | 4·03 | 1·58, 10·29 | 1·57 | 0·49, 5·09 | 16 | 21·3 | 59 | 78·7 | 3·96 | 1·43, 10·99 | 1·64 | 0·72, 3·76 |
| Rich | 58 | 30·9 | 130 | 69·1 | 2·88 | 1·45, 5·72 | 2·14 | 0·77, 5·96 | 16 | 18·2 | 72 | 81·8 | 3·29 | 1·89, 5·74 | 2·27 | 0·76, 6·81 |
| Richest | 20 | 13·5 | 128 | 86·5 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 5 | 6·4 | 73 | 93·6 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Place of residence | ||||||||||||||||
| <1899 masl | 369 | 78·3 | 102 | 21·7 | 85·12 | 2·70, 2687·16 | 17·56*** | 1·47, 209·18 | 2 | 1·0 | 194 | 99·0 | 88·04 | 0·92, 8469·4 | 90·35 | 1·05, 7715·20 |
| 1900–1999 masl | 4 | 6·21 | 61 | 93·9 | 1·54 | 0·39,·61·83 | 0·03*** | 0·01, 0·34 | 0 | 0·0 | 37 | 100·0 | – | – | – | – |
| >2000 masl | 17 | 4·1 | 400 | 95·9 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 104 | 47·7 | 114 | 52·3 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Kebele | ||||||||||||||||
| Shershera Bido | 0 | 0·0 | 71 | 100·0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0·0 | 71 | 100·0 | – | – | – | – |
| Yeteker | 0 | 0·0 | 138 | 100·0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0·0 | 138 | 100·0 | – | – | – | – |
| Dirama | 0 | 0·0 | 121 | 100·0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0·0 | 121 | 100·0 | – | – | – | – |
| Bati Lejano | 101 | 52·1 | 93 | 47·9 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 0 | 0·0 | 194 | 100·0 | – | – | – | – |
| Misrak Meskane | 9 | 6·6 | 128 | 93·4 | 0·06 | 0·01, 0·89 | 0·57 | 0·11, 2·84 | 0 | 0·0 | 137 | 100·0 | – | – | – | – |
| Dobena | 280 | 95·6 | 13 | 4·4 | 19·8 | 1·35, 289·26 | 152·27*** | 20·84, 1112·80 | 106 | 76·3 | 33 | 23·7 | – | – | – | – |
| Latrine availability | ||||||||||||||||
| None | 107 | 39·1 | 167 | 60·9 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 23 | 17·8 | 106 | 82·2 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Traditional pit latrine | 283 | 41·6 | 397 | 58·4 | 1·12 | 0·38, 3·25 | 0·58 | 0·18, 1·86 | 83 | 25·7 | 240 | 74·3 | 1·60 | 0·93, 2·73 | 1·36*** | 1·12, 1·67 |
masl, metres above sea level; Ref., reference category.
Variables significant at the 20 % significance level were subsequently entered into multivariate logistic regression models, with the variable kebele excluded from the multivariate analysis of severe stunting due to absence of observations and comparison group.
***P<0·01.