Table 3.

Incidence of metabolic syndrome according to quartiles of adherence to snack consumption patterns. The SUN Project (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra; University of Navarra Follow-up), Navarra, Spain, 1999–2013

	Non-snacking (n 4480)		1st quartile, 0·01 to 0·25 (n 599)		2nd quartile, 0·26 to 0·60 (n 593)		3rd quartile, 0·61 to 3·57 (n 593)		4th quartile, 3·58 to 9·30 (n 586)
	RR	95 % CI	RR	95 % CI	RR	95 % CI	RR	95 % CI	RR	95 % CI	P for trend
Healthy snacking pattern
Crude rate (n; per 1000 person-years)	230; 3·2		25; 3·2		30; 2·7		36; 3·2		25; 2·1
Model 1: multivariable-adjusted*	1·00	Ref.	1·32	0·90, 1·93	1·32	0·93, 1·87	1·38	0·98, 1·95	1·19	0·80, 1·76	0·057
Model 2: multivariable-adjusted†	1·00	Ref.	1·32	0·90, 1·92	1·31	0·86, 1·93	1·37	0·97, 1·94	1·19	0·80, 1·76	0·059
Model 3: multivariable-adjusted‡	1·00	Ref.	1·29	0·88, 1·89	1·30	0·92, 1·94	1·35	0·95, 1·91	1·14	0·77, 1·69	0·067
	Non-snacking (n 4480)		1st quartile, 0·01 to 0·28 (n 475)		2nd quartile, 0·29 to 1·34 (n 560)		3rd quartile, 1·35 to 2·59 (n 638)		4th quartile, 2·60 to 3·63 (n 698)
	RR	95 % CI	RR	95 % CI	RR	95 % CI	RR	95 % CI	RR	95 % CI	P for trend
Unhealthy snacking pattern
Crude rate (n; per 1000 person-years)	230; 3·2		25; 1·7		18; 2·4		33; 2·6		40; 4·1
Model 1: multivariable-adjusted*	1·00	Ref.	1·42	0·96, 2·09	1·06	0·69, 1·65	1·51	1·07, 2·13	1·68	1·23, 2·29	<0·001
Model 2: multivariable-adjusted†	1·00	Ref.	1·21	0·82, 1·79	0·98	0·63, 1·51	1·34	0·95, 1·89	1·56	1·14, 2·14	0·003
Model 3: multivariable-adjusted‡	1·00	Ref.	1·26	0·84, 1·87	0·98	0·63, 1·52	1·32	0·94, 1·86	1·45	1·04, 2·03	0·013

RR, relative risk; Ref., reference category.

^*Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, educational level, marital status, Mediterranean diet adherence, eating away-from-home meals, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity and television watching.

^†Model 2: model 1, additionally adjusted for changes at least 1 kg in weight over the last 5 years prior to the study and baseline BMI.

^‡Model 3: model 2, additionally adjusted for total energy intake.