Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted past-year household food insecurity and very low food security by veteran status among US households (n 388 680) from 2005–2013 waves of the Current Population Survey – Food Security Supplement†
| Food insecurity | Very low food security | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Probability | OR | 95 % CI | Probability | OR | 95 % CI | |
| Unadjusted results | ||||||
| Veteran household | ||||||
| No‡ | 0·144 | 0·054 | ||||
| Yes | 0·084 | 0·547*** | 0·529, 0·566 | 0·033 | 0·601*** | 0·570, 0·633 |
| Adjusted results | ||||||
| Veteran household | ||||||
| No‡ | 0·133 | 0·051 | ||||
| Yes | 0·135 | 1·014 | 0·972, 1·057 | 0·051 | 1·008 | 0·947, 1·072 |
| Multiple-veteran household | 0·802* | 0·673, 0·957 | 1·005 | 0·771, 1·309 | ||
| Labour force status§ | ||||||
| Employed‡ | ||||||
| Unemployed | 2·087*** | 1·981, 2·199 | 2·138*** | 2·002, 2·284 | ||
| Out of the labour force | 0·989 | 0·953, 1·027 | 1·044 | 0·987, 1·104 | ||
| Disabled | 2·116*** | 2·021, 2·216 | 2·147*** | 2·023, 2·277 | ||
| Active military (non-veterans only) | 0·782 | 0·610, 1·002 | 0·715 | 0·457, 1·120 | ||
| Female§ | 1·143*** | 1·111, 1·176 | 1·051* | 1·008, 1·097 | ||
| Age | 1·064*** | 1·059, 1·070 | 1·092*** | 1·083, 1·101 | ||
| Age-squared | 0·999*** | 0·999, 0·999 | 0·999*** | 0·999, 0·999 | ||
| Race/ethnicity§ | ||||||
| White, not Hispanic‡ | ||||||
| Black, not Hispanic | 1·370*** | 1·316, 1·426 | 1·149*** | 1·086, 1·216 | ||
| Hispanic, any race | 1·224*** | 1·168, 1·283 | 0·989 | 0·923, 1·060 | ||
| American Indian, not Hispanic | 1·174* | 1·028, 1·341 | 1·227* | 1·028, 1·465 | ||
| Asian/Pacific Islander, not Hispanic | 0·786*** | 0·720, 0·857 | 0·631*** | 0·544, 0·732 | ||
| Multiple race, not Hispanic | 1·543*** | 1·397, 1·705 | 1·613*** | 1·417, 1·835 | ||
| Martial status§ | ||||||
| Married, spouse present‡ | ||||||
| Married, spouse absent | 1·393*** | 1·269, 1·529 | 1·537*** | 1·351, 1·748 | ||
| Widowed | 1·423*** | 1·343, 1·507 | 1·591*** | 1·462, 1·731 | ||
| Divorced | 1·637*** | 1·574, 1·702 | 1·863*** | 1·760, 1·971 | ||
| Separated | 1·576*** | 1·474, 1·685 | 1·796*** | 1·644, 1·962 | ||
| Never married | 1·231*** | 1·182, 1·283 | 1·338*** | 1·261, 1·421 | ||
| Maximum household education | ||||||
| Less than high school‡ | ||||||
| High school | 0·861*** | 0·822, 0·901 | 0·927* | 0·872, 0·985 | ||
| Some college | 0·874*** | 0·834, 0·916 | 0·994 | 0·933, 1·059 | ||
| Bachelor’s degree | 0·525*** | 0·496, 0·555 | 0·582*** | 0·536, 0·633 | ||
| Graduate school or higher | 0·327*** | 0·305, 0·351 | 0·384*** | 0·343, 0·430 | ||
| Number of children | 0·962*** | 0·947, 0·977 | 0·825*** | 0·804, 0·846 | ||
| Number of adults | 1·084*** | 1·066, 1·103 | 1·023 | 0·997, 1·049 | ||
| Housing type | ||||||
| House/apartment/flat‡ | ||||||
| Hotel or motel | 1·208 | 0·875, 1·666 | 1·501* | 1·028, 2·191 | ||
| Mobile home | 1·419*** | 1·350, 1·491 | 1·337*** | 1·250, 1·430 | ||
| Other | 0·736 | 0·505, 1·074 | 1·159 | 0·742, 1·810 | ||
| Housing tenure | ||||||
| Owned or being purchased‡ | ||||||
| Rented for cash | 1·682*** | 1·631, 1·734 | 1·776*** | 1·696, 1·859 | ||
| Occupied without payment | 1·317*** | 1·197, 1·448 | 1·483*** | 1·307, 1·682 | ||
| Immigrant household | 1·020 | 0·976, 1·066 | 0·943 | 0·882, 1·007 | ||
| Household in poverty | ||||||
| No‡ | ||||||
| Yes | 2·454*** | 2·373, 2·537 | 2·678*** | 2·539, 2·826 | ||
| Not reported | 1·049 | 0·991, 1·109 | 1·096 | 0·999, 1·203 | ||
| Receipt of food and nutrition assistance | ||||||
| SNAP/Food Stamps participation | 2·526*** | 2·427, 2·628 | 2·210*** | 2·094, 2·332 | ||
| WIC participation | 1·095** | 1·026, 1·169 | 0·935 | 0·859, 1·018 | ||
| Free or reduced-price meals participation | 2·024*** | 1·930, 2·124 | 1·567*** | 1·466, 1·675 | ||
SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.
*P<0·05, **P<0·01, ***P<0·001.
†
All models also control for respondent’s state of residence and the year of data collection. All estimates are based on the use of sample weights provided by the Current Population Survey.
‡
Referent category.
§
Variable applies to the head of household in non-veteran homes or the veteran with the most recent service in veteran homes.