Table 4.

Multivariable regression analysis between total cruciferous vegetable intake and blood as well as tissue biomarkers among women at high risk for breast cancer participating in a randomized clinical trial

	Total cruciferous vegetable intake (g/d)
Biomarker	β	se	P value*	FDR q value†
PBMC HDAC activity	1·06	0·57	0·07	0·40
H3K18ac
Benign	−0·004	0·003	0·22	0·74
DCIS	0·005	0·007	0·51	0·87
IDC	−0·001	0·007	0·88	0·98
H3K9ac
Benign	0·003	0·002	0·56	0·87
DCIS	0·0004	0·004	0·92	0·98
IDC	0·002	0·004	0·65	0·88
HDAC3
Benign	−0·0005	0·002	0·80	0·97
DCIS	−0·002	0·003	0·56	0·87
IDC	na	na	na	na
HDAC6
Benign	−0·00007	0·002	0·98	0·98
DCIS	0·007	0·005	0·26	0·74
IDC	na	na	na	na
Ki-67
Benign	0·00009	0·0002	0·67	0·88
DCIS	−0·004	0·001	0·002	0·03
IDC	−0·009	0·006	0·21	0·74
p21
Benign	−0·0004	0·0005	0·45	0·87
DCIS	−0·006	0·003	0·07	0·40
IDC	0·002	0·003	0·50	0·87

FDR, false discovery rate; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; HDAC, histone deacetylase; ac, acetylation; DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ; IDC, invasive ductal carcinoma; na, not available; H-score, modified Histo-score.

Significant results are presented in bold font.

^*General linear regression models were used, adjusting for age and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The units of H3K18ac, H3K9ac, HDAC3, HDAC6, Ki-67 and p21 used in the model were log₂(H-score).

^†Multiple comparison-adjusted FDR q values for all the breast-tissue immunohistochemistry biomarkers using the Benjamini–Hochberg False Discovery Rate.