Table 2.
Major characteristics of study participants according to tertiles of the ‘Traditional Higher SES’ dietary pattern and ethnic group, Urmia, Iran
| Azeri Turks | Kurds | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | |||||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | P † | n | % | n | % | n | % | P † | |
| Gender | ||||||||||||||
| Women | 47 | 20·3 | 81 | 35·1 | 103 | 44·6 | 0·00 | 65 | 43·6 | 50 | 33·6 | 34 | 22·8 | 0·81 |
| Men | 56 | 34·6 | 50 | 30·9 | 56 | 34·6 | 44 | 39·6 | 40 | 36·0 | 27 | 24·3 | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||||
| Married | 78 | 26·1 | 96 | 32·1 | 125 | 41·8 | 0·56 | 73 | 40·8 | 57 | 31·8 | 49 | 27·4 | 0·07 |
| Single/divorced/widow | 25 | 26·6 | 35 | 37·2 | 34 | 21·4 | 36 | 44·4 | 33 | 40·7 | 12 | 14·8 | ||
| Educational level | ||||||||||||||
| Illiterate and ≤5 years | 45 | 32·6 | 41 | 29·7 | 52 | 37·7 | 0·21 | 82 | 43·2 | 65 | 34·2 | 43 | 22·6 | 0·49 |
| 6–12 years | 27 | 20·1 | 47 | 35·1 | 60 | 44·8 | 17 | 40·5 | 12 | 28·6 | 13 | 31·0 | ||
| University degree | 31 | 25·6 | 43 | 35·5 | 47 | 38·8 | 10 | 35·7 | 13 | 46·4 | 5 | 17·9 | ||
| Job status‡ | ||||||||||||||
| Unemployed, housewife | 50 | 27·4 | 78 | 35·0 | 95 | 42·6 | 0·37 | 66 | 45·3 | 57 | 35·8 | 36 | 22·6 | 0·44 |
| Job category 1 and 2 | 21 | 33·9 | 18 | 29·0 | 23 | 31·1 | 39 | 45·3 | 25 | 29·1 | 22 | 25·6 | ||
| Job category 3 and 4 | 32 | 29·6 | 35 | 32·4 | 41 | 38·0 | 4 | 26·7 | 8 | 53·3 | 3 | 20·0 | ||
| SES | ||||||||||||||
| Low | 38 | 30·6 | 48 | 38·7 | 38 | 30·6 | 0·03 | 44 | 45·4 | 33 | 34·0 | 20 | 20·6 | 0·48 |
| Middle | 29 | 24·0 | 44 | 36·4 | 48 | 39·7 | 33 | 35·4 | 37 | 39·8 | 23 | 24·7 | ||
| High | 36 | 24·5 | 39 | 26·5 | 72 | 49·0 | 32 | 45·7 | 20 | 28·6 | 18 | 25·7 | ||
| Food insecurity status | ||||||||||||||
| Secure | 48 | 21·0 | 74 | 32·3 | 107 | 46·7 | 0·01 | 49 | 38·6 | 40 | 31·5 | 38 | 29·9 | 0·24 |
| Mild insecure | 31 | 32·0 | 32 | 33·0 | 34 | 35·1 | 22 | 39·3 | 25 | 44·6 | 9 | 16·1 | ||
| Moderate and severe | 23 | 37·1 | 23 | 37·1 | 16 | 25·8 | 37 | 48·7 | 25 | 32·9 | 14 | 18·4 | ||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P † | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P † | |
| Age (years) | 39·6 | 13·1 | 39·0 | 12·9 | 41·8 | 12·4 | 0·15 | 32·3 | 11·2 | 34·5 | 12·4 | 34·8 | 10·9 | 0·29 |
| Household size (no. of persons) | 3·8 | 1·0 | 4·0 | 1·1 | 3·8 | 1·0 | 0·77 | 6·2 | 2·2 | 5·9 | 2·0 | 5·5 | 1·6 | 0·08 |
| Number of children | 1·9 | 1·5 | 2·0 | 1·1 | 2·1 | 1·2 | 0·56 | 2·9 | 2·5 | 3·0 | 2·6 | 2·7 | 2·2 | 0·68 |
| Duration of residence (years) | 28·6 | 16·8 | 31·2 | 16·0 | 32·7 | 17·0 | 0·14 | 20·7 | 11·0 | 24·3 | 12·1 | 23·0 | 11·1 | 0·08 |
| Total income/capita (10 000 Rials) | 325·3 | 269·5 | 465·5 | 610·6 | 423·5 | 278·0 | 0·03 | 240·7 | 173·3 | 238·9 | 189·2 | 352·0 | 235·2 | 0·001 |
| Total expenses/capita (10 000 Rials) | 276·3 | 215·0 | 429·2 | 592·0 | 332·7 | 197·1 | 0·00 | 211·8 | 120·7 | 253·7 | 135·5 | 290·3 | 184·2 | 0·002 |
SES, socio-economic status; T, tertile (T1=low, T2=middle; T3=high).
†
P values were calculated by one-way ANOVA and the χ 2 test where appropriate.
‡
Job category 1=labourer, farmer, rancher; job category 2=self-employed, shopkeeper; job category 3=teacher, serviceman, government employee, trooper; job category 4=employer, industrialist, business owner, manager, doctor, lawyer, pilot, university professor.