Table 3.
Major characteristics of study participants according to tertiles of the ‘Transitional’ dietary pattern and ethnic group, Urmia, Iran
| Azeri Turks | Kurds | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | |||||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | P † | n | % | n | % | n | % | P † | |
| Gender | ||||||||||||||
| Women | 74 | 31·6 | 89 | 38·0 | 71 | 30·3 | 0·36 | 60 | 40·8 | 41 | 27·9 | 46 | 31·3 | 0·16 |
| Men | 41 | 26·3 | 58 | 37·2 | 57 | 36·5 | 33 | 29·5 | 38 | 33·9 | 41 | 36·6 | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||||
| Married | 100 | 33·2 | 114 | 37·9 | 87 | 28·9 | 0·00 | 78 | 43·3 | 52 | 28·9 | 50 | 27·8 | 0·00 |
| Single/divorced/widow | 15 | 16·9 | 33 | 37·1 | 41 | 46·1 | 15 | 19·0 | 27 | 34·2 | 37 | 46·8 | ||
| Educational level | ||||||||||||||
| Illiterate and ≤5 years | 56 | 40·6 | 49 | 35·5 | 33 | 23·9 | 0·00 | 82 | 43·9 | 55 | 29·4 | 50 | 26·7 | 0·00 |
| 6–12 years | 38 | 28·8 | 48 | 36·4 | 46 | 34·8 | 8 | 18·6 | 12 | 27·9 | 23 | 53·5 | ||
| University degree | 21 | 17·5 | 50 | 41·7 | 49 | 40·8 | 3 | 10·3 | 12 | 41·4 | 14 | 48·3 | ||
| Job status‡ | ||||||||||||||
| Unemployed, housewife | 66 | 20·7 | 82 | 36·9 | 74 | 33·3 | 0·62 | 61 | 39·1 | 44 | 28·2 | 51 | 32·7 | 0·51 |
| Job category 1 and 2 | 19 | 31·1 | 19 | 31·1 | 23 | 37·7 | 28 | 32·6 | 30 | 34·9 | 28 | 32·6 | ||
| Job category 3 and 4 | 30 | 28·0 | 46 | 43·0 | 31 | 29·0 | 4 | 23·5 | 5 | 29·4 | 8 | 47·1 | ||
| SES | ||||||||||||||
| Low | 35 | 28·5 | 54 | 43·9 | 34 | 27·6 | 0·06 | 44 | 46·3 | 28 | 29·5 | 23 | 24·2 | 0·06 |
| Middle | 44 | 37·0 | 35 | 29·4 | 40 | 33·6 | 29 | 31·2 | 28 | 30·1 | 36 | 38·7 | ||
| High | 36 | 24·5 | 57 | 38·8 | 54 | 36·7 | 20 | 28·2 | 23 | 32·4 | 28 | 39·4 | ||
| Food insecurity status | ||||||||||||||
| Secure | 55 | 24·2 | 82 | 36·1 | 90 | 39·6 | 0·01 | 29 | 23·2 | 40 | 32·0 | 56 | 44·8 | 0·00 |
| Mild insecure | 35 | 37·2 | 36 | 38·3 | 23 | 24·5 | 26 | 45·6 | 16 | 28·1 | 15 | 26·3 | ||
| Moderate and severe | 23 | 35·9 | 27 | 42·2 | 14 | 21·9 | 37 | 48·7 | 23 | 30·3 | 16 | 21·1 | ||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P † | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P † | |
| Age (years) | 46·8 | 10·5 | 40·6 | 12·5 | 35·1 | 11·9 | 0·00 | 40·2 | 11·5 | 32·0 | 9·5 | 29·0 | 10·5 | 0·00 |
| Household size (no. of persons) | 3·9 | 1·0 | 3·8 | 1·0 | 3·8 | 1·1 | 0·90 | 24·8 | 13·1 | 22·4 | 11·2 | 21·0 | 10·5 | 0·10 |
| Number of children | 2·3 | 1·1 | 2·1 | 1·4 | 1·8 | 1·2 | 0·01 | 6·1 | 1·9 | 5·9 | 2·2 | 6·0 | 2·1 | 0·60 |
| Duration of residence (years) | 35·8 | 17·3 | 31·1 | 17·0 | 27·1 | 15·0 | 0·00 | 4·0 | 2·4 | 2·5 | 2·3 | 2·0 | 2·2 | 0·00 |
| Total income/capita (10 000 Rials) | 369·7 | 382·3 | 422·1 | 500·9 | 456·9 | 354·0 | 0·27 | 226·0 | 171·6 | 262·3 | 204·0 | 317·0 | 227·3 | 0·01 |
| Total expenses/capita (10 000 Rials) | 330·6 | 359·8 | 377·5 | 484·2 | 342·8 | 260·6 | 0·58 | 222·0 | 152·1 | 239·7 | 134·3 | 277·3 | 162·2 | 0·04 |
SES, socio-economic status; T, tertile (T1=low, T2=middle; T3=high).
†
P values were calculated by one-way ANOVA and the χ 2 test where appropriate.
‡
Job category 1=labourer, farmer, rancher; job category 2=self-employed, shopkeeper; job category 3=teacher, serviceman, government employee, trooper; job category 4=employer, industrialist, business owner, manager, doctor, lawyer, pilot, university professor.