Table 5.
Factors associated with adherence to the major dietary patterns according to ethnicity among two Iranian ethnic groups living in Urmia, Iran
| Azeri Turks | Kurd | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ‘Traditional High SES’ | ‘Transitional’ | ‘Traditional Low SES’ | ‘Traditional High SES’ | ‘Transitional’ | ‘Traditional Low SES’ | |||||||
| B | 95 % CI | B | 95 % CI | B | 95 % CI | B | 95 % CI | B | 95 % CI | B | 95 % CI | |
| Age | 0·21* | 0·003, 0·02 | −0·02** | −0·03, −0·01 | 0·004 | −0·00−0·01 | 0·01* | 0·001, 0·02* | −0·01** | −0·02, −0·07 | 0·002 | −0·010, 0·013 |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Female | 0·26 | −0·10, 0·51 | −0·006 | −0·26, 0·22 | −0·69*** | −0·96, −0·42 | 0·44* | 0·10, 0·70 | −0·27* | −0·53, −0·02 | −0·39** | −0·65, −0·13 |
| Male | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Married | 0·08 | −0·28, 0·45 | −0·14 | −0·42, 0·14 | 0·15 | −0·16, 0·48 | 0·07 | −0·29, 0·43 | −0·54*** | −0·83, −0·2 | 0·40** | 0·11, 0·69 |
| Single/divorced/widow | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. |
| Household size | −0·03 | −0·13, 0·06 | −0·04 | −0·11, 0·03 | 0·004 | −0·08, 0·09 | −0·01 | −0·07, 0·04 | −0·01 | −0·06, 0·03 | −0· ·03 | −0·07, 0·01 |
| Number of children | 0·03 | −0·07, 0·13 | 0·01 | −0·06, 0·09 | −0·02 | −0·11, 0·06 | −0·05 | −0·11, 0·008 | −0·01 | −0·06, 0·03 | −0·01 | −0·06, 0·03 |
| Duration of residence | 0·005 | −0·002, 0·11 | 0·002 | −0·002, 0·007 | −0·002 | −0·00, 0·09 | −0·003 | −0·12, 0·006 | −0·005 | −0·01, 0·002 | 0·00 | −0·007, 0·007 |
| Educational level | ||||||||||||
| Illiterate and ≤5 years | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. |
| 6–12 years | 0·30* | 0·07, 0·55 | 0·04 | −0·12, 0·21 | −0·20* | −0·40, −0·008 | 0·09 | −0·62, 0·44 | 0·24** | 0·000, 0·48 | −0·017 | −0·26, 0·23 |
| University degree | 0·41** | 0·11, 0·71 | −0·01 | −0·24, 0·20 | −0·29* | −0·55, −0·04 | −0·09 | −0·21, 0·40 | −0·11 | −0·52, 0·29 | −0·001 | −0·40, 0·40 |
| Job status | ||||||||||||
| Unemployed, housewife | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. |
| Job category 1 and 2 | −0·13 | −0·32, 0·44 | 0·44** | 0·15, 0·73 | −0·20 | −0·47, 0·07 | −0·16 | −0·50, 0·18 | 0·01 | −0·25, 0·28 | −0·28 | −0·69, 0·13 |
| Job category 3 and 4 | 0·06 | −045, 0·17 | 0·27* | 0·03, 0·50 | −0·22 | −0·56, 0·10 | −0·38 | −0·92, 0·16 | 0·23 | −0·17, 0·64 | −0·08 | −0·35, 0·18 |
| SES | ||||||||||||
| Low | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. |
| Middle | 0·09 | −0·16, 0·35 | −0·18* | −0·35, −0·008 | 0·04 | −0·18, 0·27 | 0·09 | −0·11, 0·35 | 0·01 | −0·19, 0·22 | 0·10 | −0·10, 0·31 |
| High | 0·12 | −0·14, 0·39 | −0·22* | −0·43, −0·01 | −0·03 | −0·26, 0·18 | 0·09 | −0·20, −0·39 | 0·09 | −0·14, 0·33 | 0·12 | −0·11, 0·36 |
| Total income/capita (Rials) | 0·000 | 0·000, 0·001 | 0·000 | 0·000, 0·001 | −1·21 | 0·00, 0·00 | 0·001 | 0·000, 0·001 | 2·10 | −0·001, 0·001 | −0·001** | −0·002, 0·000 |
| Total expenses/capita (Rials) | 0·000 | −0·001, 0·000 | 0·000 | −0·001, 0·000 | 1·71 | 0·00, 0·00 | 0·000 | −0·001, 0·001 | 0·00 | −0·001, 0·001 | −7·69 | −0·001, 0·001 |
| Food insecurity status | ||||||||||||
| Secure | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. | 0·00 | Ref. |
| Mild insecure | −0·08 | −0·31, 0·14 | −0·18* | −0·35, −0·008 | 0·31** | 0·11, 0·51 | −0·18 | −0·49, 0·07 | −0·32** | −0·53, −0·11 | 0·24* | 0·02, 0·45 |
| Moderate and severe | −0·25* | −0·53, −0·02 | −0·22* | −0·04, −0·01 | 0·39** | 0·14, 0·63 | −0·30* | −0·60, 0·003 | −0·26* | −0·48, −0·04 | 0·05 | −0·16, 0·28 |
SES, socio-economic status; B, regression coefficient (a positive coefficient implies a higher adherence to the pattern); Ref., reference category.
Data were adjusted for all variables shown in the table (demographic, socio-economic, lifestyle variables) and energy intake (kJ/d).
Values were significantly different compared with the reference group of the listed variables: *P<0·05, **P<0·01, ***P<0·001.