Table 4.
Odds ratios for adherence to food group serving recommendations for the total sample of pregnant women living in Australia (n 857), June–November 2013
| Vegetables and legumes | Fruit | Milk, yoghurt, cheese and/or alternatives | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variable | OR | 95 % CI | P value | OR | 95 % CI | P value | OR | 95 % CI | P value |
| Maternal age | 1·0 | 1·0, 1·1 | 0·094 | 1·0 | 1·0, 1·1 | 0·205 | 1·0 | 1·0, 1·0 | 0·387 |
| Born in Australia | 0·8 | 0·3, 1·8 | 0·546 | 1·9 | 1·3, 2·7 | <0·001 | 1·7 | 1·2, 2·4 | 0·006 |
| Pre-pregnancy adherence to national physical activity guidelines† | 1·6 | 1·0, 2·5 | 0·075 | 1·5 | 1·1, 2·0 | 0·012 | 1·4 | 1·0, 1·9 | 0·047 |
| Living in metropolitan area | 2·3 | 1·4, 3·8 | 0·002 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Planned pregnancy | – | – | – | 1·3 | 1·0, 1·9 | 0·093 | 1·3 | 0·9, 1·8 | 0·226 |
| First pregnancy | 0·8 | 0·5, 1·4 | 0·509 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Had no previous birth(s) | – | – | – | 1·2 | 0·9, 1·7 | 0·175 | – | – | – |
| Living with a partner | – | – | – | 0·9 | 0·4, 1·9 | 0·784 | – | – | – |
| Overweight or obese pre-pregnancy | – | – | – | 0·7 | 0·5, 0·9 | 0·012 | – | – | – |
| No smoking during pregnancy | – | – | – | 2·7 | 1·4, 5·2 | 0·004 | – | – | – |
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| Australian | 1·0 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| North-west European | 0·4 | 0·1, 1·5 | 0·160 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Southern and Eastern European | 1·5 | 0·6, 3·7 | 0·351 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Asian | 0·6 | 0·2, 1·9 | 0·434 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| British/Irish | 1·0 | 0·6, 1·9 | 0·899 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Other | 0·6 | 0·2, 1·8 | 0·343 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Educational attainment | |||||||||
| Up to Year 12 | – | – | – | 1·0 | Ref. | – | – | – | – |
| Post-secondary but no tertiary | – | – | – | 1·2 | 0·8, 1·9 | 0·359 | – | – | – |
| Tertiary–undergraduate | – | – | – | 1·5 | 1·0, 2·3 | 0·072 | – | – | – |
| Tertiary–postgraduate | – | – | – | 1·6 | 1·0, 2·6 | 0·060 | – | – | – |
| Income | |||||||||
| ≤$AU 20 000 | – | – | – | 1·0 | Ref. | – | – | – | – |
| $AU 20 001–40 000 | – | – | – | 1·9 | 0·9, 4·0 | 0·103 | – | – | – |
| $AU 40 001–70 000 | – | – | – | 2·1 | 1·0, 4·1 | 0·045 | – | – | – |
| $AU 70 001–105 000 | – | – | – | 2·1 | 1·0, 4·2 | 0·043 | – | – | – |
| ≥$AU 105 001 | – | – | – | 2·5 | 1·2, 5·1 | 0·012 | – | – | – |
Ref., reference category.
†
Defined as ≥30 min of exercise on ≥5 d each week( 38 ).