Table 2.
Background characteristics of the participants: infants (aged 6–12 months), pre-schoolers (aged 29–56 months) and their mothers, Nalgonda district, Telangana, India
| Infants | Pre-schoolers | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | n | % | n | % |
| Sex | ||||
| Boys | 272 | 53·1 | 155 | 48·3 |
| Girls | 240 | 46·9 | 166 | 51·7 |
| Age (months) | ||||
| 6–8 | 222 | 43·4 | – | – |
| 9–12 | 290 | 56·6 | – | – |
| 29–35 | – | – | 145 | 45·2 |
| 36–56 | – | – | 176 | 54·8 |
| Z-score<−2 | ||||
| Weight-for-length/height | 50 | 9·8 | 64 | 19·9 |
| Lemgth/height-for-age | 101 | 19·7 | 130 | 40·5 |
| Weight-for-age | 97 | 19·0 | 148 | 46·1 |
| Birth weight<2·5 kg | 81 | 16·0 | 55 | 17·9 |
| DDS* | ||||
| ≤3 | 295 | 57·6 | – | – |
| ≥4 | 217 | 42·4 | – | – |
| ≤7 | – | – | 152 | 47·7 |
| ≥8 | – | – | 167 | 52·4 |
| Morbidity | ||||
| Any illness symptoms in past 15 d† | 246 | 48·0 | 86 | 26·8 |
| CRP>5 mg/l | 76 | 16·1 | 33 | 10·9 |
| Maternal characteristics | ||||
| Educational status | ||||
| Illiterate | 80 | 15·6 | 88 | 27·6 |
| Primary | 47 | 9·2 | 55 | 17·2 |
| Secondary‡ | 74 | 14·5 | 72 | 22·6 |
| Higher | 311 | 60·7 | 104 | 32·6 |
| Maternal anaemia§ | 219 | 43·7 | 103 | 34·2 |
| SLI | ||||
| 0–14 | 12 | 2·3 | 12 | 3·7 |
| 15–24 | 110 | 21·5 | 126 | 39·3 |
| ≥25 | 390 | 76·2 | 183 | 57·0 |
| Family size>4 | 104 | 20·3 | 58 | 18·1 |
| Household food insecurity | 58 | 12·2 | 45 | 14·2 |
| n | Mean or sd | n | Mean or sd | |
| Mean age (years) | 501 | 22·9 | 319 | 25·0 |
| sd | 2·89 | 3·27 | ||
DDS, dietary diversity score; SLI, standard of living index.
The ‘n’ is after excluding cases with severe anaemia (n 5) for both infants and pre-school children.
*
47·5 % of infants and 88·2 % pre-schoolers consumed fortified foods
†
Fever was the most common symptom reported.
‡
Seventh grade and above.
§
Hb<110 g/l for pregnant mothers and Hb<120 g/l for non-pregnant women.