Table 2.
Final model of the multinomial regression, with odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals of the factors associated with the nutritional outcomes in the mother–child dyads (n 3676), National Demographic and Health Survey of Children and Women, Brazil (PDNS), 2006–2007
| OM/NC | NM/SSC | OM/SSC | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Category | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI |
| Level 1 – Socio-economic factors block | |||||||
| Maternal educational level (years) | >8 (ref.) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| ≤8 | 1·25 | 0·97, 1·60 | 1·76 | 0·85, 3·63 | 3·53 | 1·33, 9·33* | |
| Level 2 – Environmental factors block | |||||||
| Type of residence | Masonry (ref.) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Others | 0·97 | 0·74, 1·28 | 2·29 | 1·36, 3·87* | 2·54 | 1·39, 4·66* | |
| Level 3 – Maternal factors block | |||||||
| Maternal height (tertile) | Third (ref.) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Second | 0·86 | 0·63, 1·16 | 1·39 | 0·52, 3·70 | 0·59 | 0·23, 1·49 | |
| First | 1·02 | 0·75, 1·39 | 3·41 | 1·76, 6·61* | 1·09 | 0·47, 2·53 | |
| Breast-feeding | Yes (ref.) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| No | 2·00 | 1·07, 3·72* | 0·71 | 0·15, 3·38 | 2·39 | 0·79, 7·26 | |
| Number of children | One (ref.) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| More than one | 0·97 | 0·70, 1·35 | 1·36 | 0·70, 2·63 | 1·66 | 0·74, 3·41 | |
| Level 3 – Child factors block | |||||||
| Vegetables intake (days) | More than 4 d/week (ref.) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Less than or equal to 4 d/week | 1·02 | 0·73, 1·42 | 2·21 | 1·03, 4·75* | 1·39 | 0·61, 3·15 | |
| Adjustments | |||||||
| Maternal age (years) | ≥25 (ref.) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| <25 | 0·51 | 0·39, 0·67* | 1·10 | 0·62, 1·95 | 0·55 | 0·24, 1·26 | |
| Child age (months) | ≥24 (ref.) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| <24 | 0·87 | 0·66, 1·13 | 0·89 | 0·46, 1·73 | 2·15 | 1·10, 4·20* | |
| Child gender | Male (ref.) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Female | 1·07 | 0·85, 1·35 | 0·91 | 0·46, 1·79 | 0·90 | 0·43, 1·89 | |
OM/NC, overweight mother and child with normal height; NM/SSC, mother with normal weight and short-stature child; OM/SSC, overweight mother and short-stature child – double burden of malnutrition; ref., reference category.
*P<0·05.