Table 4.

Incidence^† of non-scheduled visits and clinical diagnoses among rural Malawian infants and young children, iLiNS-DOSE study, November 2009–May 2012

	Results by study group								Comparison between the groups‡
	Control (follow-up years: 296·7)		10 g LNS/d (follow-up years: 294·9)		20 g LNS/d (follow-up years: 595·8)		40 g LNS/d (follow-up years: 601·9)		10 g LNS/d v. control		20 g LNS/d v. control		40 g LNS/d v. control
Variable	Total visits	Incidence	Total visits	Incidence	Total visits	Incidence	Total visits	Incidence	IRR	95 % CI	IRR	95 % CI	IRR	95 % CI
All non-scheduled visits	1412	4·8	1417	4·8	2988	5·0	3217	5·3	1·02	0·89, 1·18	1·05	0·93, 1·19	1·13	1·00, 1·27*
Gastroenteritis	163	0·5	159	0·5	298	0·5	324	0·5	0·98	0·76, 1·27	0·91	0·73, 1·14	0·98	0·79, 1·22
ARI	454	1·5	446	1·5	938	1·6	1041	1·7	1·02	0·84, 1·22	1·04	0·88, 1·22	1·14	0·98, 1·34
Clinical malaria	185	0·6	174	0·6	418	0·7	409	0·7	0·94	0·74, 1·20	1·12	0·92, 1·37	1·08	0·89, 1·33
Confirmed malaria§	385	1·3	418	1·4	834	1·4	941	1·6	1·10	0·88, 1·37	1·08	0·89, 1·31	1·21	1·00, 1·46*
Total malaria	570	1·9	592	2·0	1252	2·1	1350	2·2	1·04	0·87, 1·25	1·09	0·93, 1·28	1·16	1·00, 1·36*
Other diseases||	274	0·9	244	0·8	581	1·0	627	1·0	0·89	0·71, 1·12	1·05	0·87, 1·27	1·13	0·93, 1·36

LNS, lipid-based nutrient supplement; IRR, incidence rate ratio; ARI, acute respiratory infection.

^*Statistically significant results.

^†Incidence=number of cases/child per year of follow-up.

^‡Groups were compared using negative binomial regression.

^§Measured by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria parasites based on histidine-rich protein (HRP-II).

^||Other diseases=sepsis, measles, anaemia, etc.