Table 2.
Characteristic | n | % | Mean | sd |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic background | ||||
Age (years) | 12·4 | 0·5 | ||
12 | 242 | 58·2 | ||
13 | 174 | 41·8 | ||
Sex | ||||
Male | 161 | 38·7 | ||
Female | 255 | 61·3 | ||
Monthly household income (RM)† | 4383·1 ($US 1371·4) | 4110·7 ($US 1286·2) | ||
Father's education level‡ | ||||
Secondary education and below | 195 | 50·0 | ||
Tertiary education | 195 | 50·0 | ||
Mother's education level§ | ||||
Secondary education and below | 225 | 55·3 | ||
Tertiary education | 182 | 44·7 | ||
Anthropometric measures | ||||
Weight (kg) | 47·7 | 14·0 | ||
Height (cm) | 152·1 | 7·2 | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 20·5 | 5·2 | ||
BMI-for-age Z-score | 0·3 | 1·6 | ||
Cognitive ability | ||||
Perceptual reasoning | 49·8 | 9·6 | ||
Processing speed | 55·2 | 7·7 | ||
Working memory | 53·4 | 8·8 | ||
Perceptual organization | 45·5 | 8·8 | ||
General cognitive ability | 101·8 | 12·4 |
RM, Malaysian Ringgit.
†Monthly household income, n 393.
‡Father's education level, n 390.
§Mother's education level, n 407.