Table. 5.

Association of hormones with diabetes progression at visit 2 among women

	Normoglycemic at baseline → prediabetes or diabetes at follow-up, N = 164/305		Normoglycemic at baseline → prediabetes at follow-up, N = 157/298		Prediabetic at baseline → diabetes at follow-up, N = 189/388
	IRR (95% CI)	P value	IRR (95% CI)	P value	IRR (95% CI)	P value
LH (mIU/mL)	0.93 (0.82, 1.05)	0.230	0.92 (0.81, 1.05)	0.214	0.77 (0.54, 1.10)	0.151
FSH (mIU/mL)	0.92 (0.79, 1.06)	0.250	0.91 (0.78, 1.06)	0.232	0.77 (0.58, 1.04)	0.086
LH/FSH ratio	1.12 (0.69, 1.81)	0.657	1.15 (0.71, 1.86)	0.580	0.40 (0.07, 2.27)	0.300
SHBG (nmol/L)	0.94 (0.81, 1.09)	0.404	0.95 (0.81, 1.10)	0.466	0.62 (0.44, 0.86)	0.005
Low E2	0.81 (0.59, 1.10)	0.174	0.79 (0.57, 1.08)	0.132	1.25 (0.75, 2.09)	0.391
DHEAS (µmol/L)	0.89 (0.75, 1.05)	0.169	0.89 (0.74, 1.06)	0.191	0.79 (0.61, 1.02)	0.076

Model adjusted for age, BMI, waist to hip ratio, Hispanic background, acculturation score-MESA, recruitment site, education, statin medication use, family history of diabetes, gestational diabetes, cigarette use, alcohol use, physical activity, hypertension, high triglycerides, low HDL, and CRP. Individual continuous hormone concentrations are standardized using the following standard deviations: LH, 11.73 mIU/mL; FSH, 24.85 mIU/mL; SHBG 29.24 nmol/L; DHEAS, 1.35 µmol/L. Dichotomized and ratio hormone measures are not standardized.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; E2, estradiol; FSH, follicle stimulating hormone; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IRR, incident rate ratio; LH, luteinizing hormone; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin.