Table 3.
Odds ratios of association of risk perception parameters with attendance after mutual adjustment for risk perception (model 1) and corrected for potential influencing factors; Hindustani Surinamese (South Asians) aged 18–60 years participating in a diabetes lifestyle or control intervention for South Asians in The Hague, the Netherlands (DH!AAN study)
| Model 1* | Model 1 + Age and gender | Model 1 + Blood test results | Model 1 + Attitude† | Model 1 + Social support brown rice | Model 1 + Self-efficacy‡ | Model 1 + Motivated to change PA | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk perception | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI |
| Causal beliefs: general lifestyle factors§ | ||||||||||||||
| Perceived general lifestyle factors as a cause§ | 1·08 | 0·70, 1·67 | 1·02 | 0·65, 1·58 | 1·09 | 0·70, 1·69 | 1·06 | 0·68, 1·64 | 1·10 | 0·71, 1·71 | 1·12 | 0·72, 1·73 | 1·09 | 0·70, 1·69 |
| Causal beliefs: group-specific lifestyle factors | ||||||||||||||
| Perceived consuming much sugar as a cause | 1·12 | 0·73, 1·72 | 1·20 | 0·78, 1·86 | 1·09 | 0·71, 1·69 | 1·11 | 0·73, 1·74 | 1·15 | 0·74, 1·77 | 1·13 | 0·73, 1·75 | 1·16 | 0·75, 1.79 |
| Perceived white rice as a cause | 0·89 | 0·59, 1·35 | 0·91 | 0·60, 1·38 | 0·92 | 0·60, 1·40 | 0·84 | 0·55, 1·29 | 0·88 | 0·58, 1·33 | 0·90 | 0·59, 1·36 | 0·87 | 0·58, 1·32 |
| Perceived masala as a cause | 1·08 | 0·71, 1·65 | 1·12 | 0·73, 1·71 | 1·07 | 0·70, 1·64 | 1·08 | 0·71, 1·66 | 1·06 | 0·69, 1·61 | 1·08 | 0·71, 1·66 | 1·06 | 0·69, 1·62 |
| Causal beliefs: heredity | ||||||||||||||
| Perceived being South Asian as a cause | 1·02 | 0·65, 1·59 | 1·08 | 0·69, 1·70 | 1·02 | 0·65, 1·60 | 0·98 | 0·62, 1·54 | 0·98 | 0·63, 1·54 | 1·03 | 0·65, 1·61 | 1·02 | 0·65, 1·60 |
| Perceived family history of DM as a cause | 1·58 | 0·88, 2·86 | 1·60 | 0·88, 2·92 | 1·47 | 0·80, 2·67 | 1·66 | 0·91, 3·03 | 1·60 | 0·88, 2·91 | 1·61 | 0·89, 2·92 | 1·55 | 0·86, 2·82 |
| Perceived susceptibility | ||||||||||||||
| Perceived themselves as susceptible | 1·39 | 0·94, 2·05 | 1·32 | 0·89, 1·96 | 1·33 | 0·90, 1·97 | 1·40 | 0·94, 2·08 | 1·38 | 0·93, 2·04 | 1·31 | 0·88, 1·94 | 1·35 | 0·91, 1·99 |
| Perceived controllability | ||||||||||||||
| DM controllable by PA change | 1·34 | 0·77, 2·33 | 1·41 | 0·81, 2·47 | 1·40 | 0·80, 2·44 | NA|| | NA|| | 1·30 | 0·75, 2·27 | 1·41 | 0·81, 2·47 | 1·28 | 0·73, 2·24 |
DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; PA, physical activity; NA, not applicable.
Data are OR and 95 % CI of the parameter of risk perception in the indicated model.
Model 1 consisted of all risk perception parameters.
Only the six parameters of attitude with a P<0·25 were included in the univariate analyses; i.e. direct and indirect attitudes towards PA and the importance of replacing white rice with brown rice.
Only the parameters of perceived self-efficacy with P<0·25 were included in the univariate analyses; i.e. perceived self-efficacy for changing PA, adoption of a conventional healthy diet, and replacing white rice with brown rice.
Six common risk factors: overweight, too little exercise, unhealthy diet, age more than 35 years, smoking and hypertension.
Note: perceived controllability by PA change was also one of the seven variables included in the indirect attitude towards PA and is therefore closely correlated with this variable.