Table 3.
Intakes† of fruits, vegetables, fish and whole grains according to meal type in men and women; total intakes and intakes according to adherence to the Norwegian food based dietary guidelines (FBDG), Norkost 3 study, 2010–2011 (n 1787)
| Men | Women | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All men | Meeting FBDG | Not meeting FBDG | All women | Meeting FBDG | Not meeting FBDG | |||||||||
| Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | P ‡ | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | P‡ | |
| Fruits§ (g/meal) | (n 862) | (n 271) | (n 591) | (n 925) | (n 348) | (n 577) | ||||||||
| Breakfast | 37 | 33, 41 | 63 | 54, 72 | 25 | 22, 29 | <0·001 | 42 | 38, 45 | 63 | 56, 70 | 29 | 25, 32 | <0·001 |
| Lunch | 26 | 22, 29 | 40 | 33, 47 | 19 | 16, 22 | <0·001 | 29 | 26, 32 | 50 | 43, 57 | 16 | 14, 19 | <0·001 |
| Dinner | 12 | 10, 14 | 25 | 19, 31 | 6 | 4, 7 | <0·001 | 14 | 12, 16 | 21 | 17, 25 | 10 | 8, 12 | <0·001 |
| Supper/evening meal | 20 | 17, 23 | 44 | 36, 52 | 9 | 6, 11 | <0·001 | 22 | 19, 25 | 39 | 32, 46 | 12 | 9, 14 | <0·001 |
| Snack|| | 100 | 91, 108 | 214 | 198, 229 | 47 | 43, 52 | <0·001 | 113 | 106, 120 | 203 | 190, 216 | 59 | 54, 64 | <0·001 |
| Vegetables¶ (g/meal) | (n 862) | (n 148) | (n 714) | (n 925) | (n 129) | (n 796) | ||||||||
| Breakfast | 8 | 7, 9 | 22 | 16, 28 | 5 | 4, 6 | <0·001 | 9 | 8, 10 | 23 | 16, 30 | 7 | 6, 8 | <0·001 |
| Lunch | 24 | 21, 27 | 52 | 41, 64 | 18 | 16, 20 | <0·001 | 26 | 23, 29 | 65 | 51, 78 | 20 | 18, 22 | <0·001 |
| Dinner|| | 109 | 104, 115 | 220 | 205, 235 | 86 | 82, 90 | <0·001 | 107 | 102, 111 | 210 | 193, 226 | 90 | 86, 94 | <0·001 |
| Supper/evening meal | 9 | 7, 11 | 19 | 12, 26 | 7 | 6, 9 | 0·002 | 7 | 6, 8 | 17 | 12, 22 | 6 | 5, 7 | <0·001 |
| Snack | 7 | 5, 9 | 22 | 14, 31 | 4 | 3, 5 | <0·001 | 9 | 7, 11 | 28 | 20, 37 | 6 | 5, 7 | <0·001 |
| Fish†† (g/meal) | (n 862) | (n 165) | (n 697) | (n 925) | (n 156) | (n 769) | ||||||||
| Breakfast | 4 | 4, 5 | 14 | 10, 18 | 2 | 2, 3 | <0·001 | 3 | 2, 4 | 10 | 6, 13 | 2 | 1, 2 | <0·001 |
| Lunch | 7 | 6, 8 | 24 | 18, 29 | 3 | 2, 4 | <0·001 | 4 | 3, 5 | 12 | 9, 16 | 3 | 2, 3 | <0·001 |
| Dinner|| | 36 | 32, 40 | 72 | 61, 83 | 28 | 23, 32 | <0·001 | 26 | 24, 29 | 73 | 65, 81 | 17 | 14, 19 | <0·001 |
| Supper/evening meal | 3 | 2, 4 | 7 | 4, 11 | 2 | 1, 3 | 0·002 | 2 | 1, 2 | 6 | 3, 8 | 1 | 1, 1 | 0·001 |
| Snack | 1 | 1, 1 | 3 | 1, 5 | 0 | 0, 1 | 0·005 | 1 | 1, 1 | 3 | 1, 5 | 0 | 0, 1 | 0·004 |
| Whole grains‡‡ (g/meal) | (n 862) | (n 330) | (n 532) | (n 925) | (n 363) | (n 562) | ||||||||
| Breakfast|| | 33 | 31, 35 | 53 | 49, 56 | 21 | 19, 22 | <0·001 | 23 | 22, 24 | 35 | 32, 37 | 16 | 15, 17 | <0·001 |
| Lunch | 19 | 18, 21 | 32 | 29, 35 | 11 | 10, 12 | <0·001 | 14 | 14, 15 | 23 | 22, 25 | 9 | 8, 9 | <0·001 |
| Dinner | 4 | 4, 5 | 7 | 6, 9 | 3 | 2, 3 | <0·001 | 4 | 3, 5 | 7 | 6, 8 | 2 | 2, 2 | <0·001 |
| Supper/evening meal | 12 | 11, 13 | 22 | 19, 24 | 6 | 5, 7 | <0·001 | 8 | 7, 8 | 13 | 12, 15 | 4 | 4, 5 | <0·001 |
| Snack | 5 | 4, 6 | 9 | 7, 11 | 3 | 2, 4 | <0·001 | 5 | 4, 5 | 8 | 7, 9 | 3 | 2, 3 | <0·001 |
Significance level set to P<0·003 due to multiple testing.
Mean intakes and bootstrap 95 % CI based on two 24 h recalls.
Linear regression with bootstrap, comparison of meal-to-meal intake of each food group for participants meeting the FBGD and participants not meeting the FBDG for each food group separately.
Dietary guideline=minimum 250 g fruits/d (including maximum 100 g fruit juice).
Main contributing meal; intake of the food group in question from this meal is significantly higher than from each of the other meals (all P<0·001), linear regression with bootstrap.
Dietary guideline=minimum 250 g vegetables/d (including maximum 100 g vegetable juice).
Dietary guideline=minimum 43 g fish/d including minimum 29 g oily fish/d.
Dietary guideline=minimum 75 g whole grains/10 MJ.