Table 3.
Odds ratios for high wholegrain bread intake* according to non-dietary factors in the Norwegian Women and Cancer study
| Age-adjusted model† | Sociodemographic-adjusted model‡ | Mutually adjusted model§ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 46–50 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| 51–55 | 1·03 | 0·98, 1·08 | 1·06 | 1·01, 1·12 | 1·06 | 1·01, 1·11 |
| 56–60 | 0·97 | 0·93, 1·02 | 1·03 | 0·97, 1·08 | 1·02 | 0·97, 1·08 |
| 61–65 | 0·91 | 0·85, 0·98 | 0·96 | 0·89, 1·04 | 0·96 | 0·88, 1·04 |
| 66–70 | 0·87 | 0·78, 0·98 | 0·92 | 0·82, 1·03 | 0·90 | 0·80, 1·02 |
| 71–76 | 0·79 | 0·69, 0·91 | 0·82 | 0·72, 0·95 | 0·81 | 0·71, 0·93 |
| P trend|| (P Wald test) | <0·001 | (<0·001) | <0·02 | (<0·001) | <0·01 | (<0·001) |
| Area of residence | ||||||
| East | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Oslo | 0·85 | 0·79, 0·92 | 0·83 | 0·77, 0·89 | 0·83 | 0·77, 0·90 |
| South-East | 1·23 | 1·17, 1·30 | 1·24 | 1·17, 1·31 | 1·24 | 1·17, 1·31 |
| West | 1·26 | 1·19, 1·33 | 1·26 | 1·19, 1·33 | 1·25 | 1·18, 1·32 |
| Middle | 1·30 | 1·22, 1·38 | 1·30 | 1·23, 1·38 | 1·31 | 1·23, 1·39 |
| North | 1·25 | 1·18, 1·32 | 1·26 | 1·19, 1·33 | 1·28 | 1·21, 1·36 |
| (P Wald test) | (<0·001) | (<0·001) | (<0·001) | |||
| Education (years) | ||||||
| <10 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| 10–12 | 0·94 | 0·89, 0·98 | 0·96 | 0·91, 1·01 | 0·94 | 0·90, 0·99 |
| >12 | 1·04 | 0·99, 1·09 | 1·07 | 1·02, 1·13 | 1·03 | 0·98, 1·08 |
| P trend (P Wald test) | <0·01 | (<0·001) | <0·001 | (<0·001) | <0·01 | (<0·001) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| <20·0 | 1·19 | 1·10, 1·29 | 1·20 | 1·11, 1·30 | 1·20 | 1·11, 1·30 |
| 20·0–24·9 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| 25·0–29·9 | 0·88 | 0·84, 0·91 | 0·87 | 0·84, 0·91 | 0·89 | 0·85, 0·92 |
| ≥30·0 | 0·91 | 0·86, 0·97 | 0·91 | 0·86, 0·96 | 0·96 | 0·91, 1·02 |
| P trend (P Wald test) | <0·001 | (<0·001) | <0·001 | (<0·001) | <0·001 | (<0·001) |
| Level of physical activity | ||||||
| Low | 0·78 | 0·74, 0·83 | 0·78 | 0·74, 0·83 | 0·82 | 0·77, 0·87 |
| Moderate | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| High | 1·17 | 1·12, 1·23 | 1·17 | 1·11, 1·22 | 1·14 | 1·09, 1·20 |
| (P Wald test) | (<0·001) | (<0·001) | (<0·001) | |||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Former | 0·86 | 0·82, 0·89 | 0·87 | 0·83, 0·90 | 0·87 | 0·84, 0·91 |
| Current | 0·86 | 0·82, 0·90 | 0·87 | 0·83, 0·91 | 0·87 | 0·83, 0·92 |
| (P Wald test) | (<0·001) | (<0·001) | (<0·001) | |||
| No. of persons in household | ||||||
| 1 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| 2 | 0·87 | 0·83, 0·92 | 0·86 | 0·82, 0·90 | 0·85 | 0·81, 0·89 |
| >2 | 0·99 | 0·93, 1·05 | 0·96 | 0·91, 1·02 | 0·94 | 0·88, 1·00 |
| P trend (P Wald test) | 0·6 | (<0·001) | 0·7 | (<0·001) | 0·2 | (<0·001) |
| Self-reported health status | ||||||
| Bad/very bad | 0·83 | 0·78, 0·89 | 0·83 | 0·77, 0·89 | 0·89 | 0·82, 0·95 |
| Good | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Very good | 1·06 | 1·02, 1·10 | 1·06 | 1·02, 1·10 | 1·01 | 0·97, 1·05 |
| (P Wald test) | (<0·001) | (<0·001) | (<0·01) | |||
Ref., referent category.
*
Intake of standardized slices of wholegrain bread: high, ≥4 slices (n 16 729); low, <4 slices (n 52 742).
†
Adjusted by age and sub-cohort.
‡
Adjusted by age, area of residence, education, number of persons in household and sub-cohort.
§
All variables are mutually adjusted for each other and sub-cohort.
||
P trend: trend across medians within each category.