Table 4.
Blood indices and prevalence of diagnosed diabetes and blood pressure (age-adjusted) by gender and ethnicity, 2008/09 Adult National Nutrition Survey, New Zealand
| SA | ESEA | NZEO | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (M, n 39; F, n 40) | (M, n 28; F, n 55) | (M, n 908; F, n 1169) | |||||
| Blood index | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | P value |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | |||||||
| M | 5·4 | 5·0, 5·7 | 5·3 | 4·9, 5·7 | 5·1 | 4·9, 5·2 | 0·181 |
| F | 5·2 | 4·8, 5·6 | 5·0 | 4·7, 5·3 | 5·2 | 5·1, 5·3 | 0·537 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | |||||||
| M | 1·21 | 1·09, 1·32 | 1·33 | 1·22, 1·44 | 1·24 | 1·21, 1·26 | 0·203 |
| F | 1·39 | 1·28, 1·51 | 1·57 | 1·45, 1·70 | 1·53 | 1·50, 1·56 | 0·074 |
| Total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol | |||||||
| M | 4·66 | 4·21, 5·10 | 4·14 | 3·69, 4·59 | 4·30 | 4·18, 4·59 | 0·234 |
| F | 3·86 | 3·45, 4·27 | 3·31 | 3·07, 3·59 | 3·57 | 3·49, 3·66 | 0·094 |
| Ferritin (µg/l) | |||||||
| M | 124* | 76, 171 | 201 | 152, 250 | 177 | 160, 193 | 0·059 |
| F | 60*,† | 48, 71 | 81 | 59, 102 | 79 | 74, 83 | 0·010 |
| % Low Fe stores (<12 µg/l) | |||||||
| M | 17·0* | 1·1, 32·2 | 0·0‡ | – | 0·7 | 0·0, 1·3 | <0·001 |
| F | 16·3 | 0·0, 33·6 | 12·3 | 1·1, 23·5 | 8·2 | 5·8, 10·5 | 0·396 |
| Hb (g/l) | |||||||
| M | 145 | 140, 151 | 148 | 145, 152 | 149 | 148, 150 | 0·301 |
| F | 128 | 122, 134 | 129* | 125, 132 | 133 | 132, 134 | 0·017 |
| % Low Hb | |||||||
| M | 14·1* | 0, 28·1 | 0·9*,† | 0·0, 2·6 | 5·3 | 3·5, 7·0 | 0·036 |
| F | 25·1* | 6·7, 43·6 | 10·9 | 0·0, 22·9 | 7·3 | 5·0, 9·6 | 0·031 |
| % Fe deficiency | |||||||
| M | 12·7* | 0·0, 26·6 | 0·0‡ | – | 0·6 | 0·0, 1·2 | <0·001 |
| F | 13·8 | 0·0, 29·0 | 9·1 | 3·5, 19·1 | 6·7 | 4·6, 8·8 | 0·464 |
| % Fe deficiency with anaemia | |||||||
| M | 4·5* | 0·0, 11·6 | 0·0‡ | – | 0·2 | 0·0, 4·0 | <0·001 |
| F | 4·6 | 0·0, 13·1 | 7·1 | 0·0, 16·2 | 3·4 | 1·9, 4·9 | 0·597 |
| RBC folate (nmol/l) | |||||||
| M | 849 | 710, 987 | 876 | 701, 1051 | 943 | 902, 985 | 0·355 |
| F | 923 | 724, 1121 | 891 | 775, 1005 | 915 | 878, 953 | 0·916 |
| % Low RBC folate (<317 nmol/l) | |||||||
| M | 10·4*,† | 0·0, 22·7 | 0·5 | 0·0, 1·6 | 1·2 | 0·1, 2·3 | 0·013 |
| F | 6·8 | 0·0, 16·1 | 0·0‡ | – | 2·8 | 1·3, 4·4 | 0·270 |
| Serum folate (nmol/l) | |||||||
| M | 21·9 | 17·0, 26·9 | 28·4 | 21·4, 35·5 | 27·4 | 25·5, 29·3 | 0·108 |
| F | 33·0 | 22·6, 43·5 | 34·8 | 28·8, 40·8 | 31·7 | 29·6, 33·8 | 0·606 |
| % Low serum folate (<6·8 mmol/l) | |||||||
| M | 4·8 | 0, 13·3 | 0·0‡ | – | 1·9 | 0·7, 3·3 | 0·358 |
| F | 0·7 | 0·0, 2·3 | 1·0 | 0·0, 2·5 | 1·6 | 0·7, 3·2 | 0·657 |
| % Diagnosed diabetes | |||||||
| M | 22·8* | 9·0, 36·5 | 0·0‡ | – | 5·4 | 3·8, 7·1 | <0·001 |
| F | 20·5*,† | 5·7, 35·2 | 0·3* | 0, 1·1 | 2·8 | 1·9, 3·7 | <0·001 |
| HbA1c (%) | |||||||
| M | 6·09*,† | 5·80, 6·39 | 5·62 | 5·49, 5·77 | 5·52 | 5·47, 5·52 | <0·001 |
| F | 5·83 | 5·46, 6·19 | 5·46*,† | 5·36, 5·57 | 5·46 | 5·42, 5·49 | 0·056 |
| % High HbA1c (≥6·5 %) | |||||||
| M | 27·7* | 13·4, 42·0 | 0·0‡ | – | 5·4 | 3·8, 7·0 | <0·001 |
| F | 24·3* | 3·5, 45·0 | 2·7 | 0·0, 6·2 | 3·2 | 2·1, 4·1 | 0·002 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||||
| M | 125·9 | 115·5, 136·3 | 127·3 | 121·7, 133·0 | 125·2 | 123·0, 127·4 | 0·772 |
| F | 110·8 | 103·2, 118·4 | 114·8 | 110·6, 119·0 | 116·8 | 114·7, 119·0 | 0·248 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||||
| M | 74·7 | 69·1, 80·2 | 73·0 | 68·8, 77·2 | 71·2 | 69·7, 72·6 | 0·369 |
| F | 67·1 | 61·9, 72·2 | 68·7 | 66·0, 71·3 | 70·3 | 68·9, 71·6 | 0·313 |
SA, South Asians; ESEA; East and South-East Asians; NZEO, New Zealand Europeans and Others; M, males; F, females; RBC, red blood cell; HbA1c, glycated Hb.
*
Mean or percentage significantly different compared with NZEO.
†
Mean or percentage significantly different between Asian subgroups.
‡
Analyses not adjusted for age due to lack of observations.