Table 4.
Unstandardized regression coefficients (B) and 95% confidence interval for associations between parental educational level†, potential mediators and children's daily vegetable intake, PRO GREENS project 2009‡
| Total effect, path c | Direct effect, path c′ | Path a | Path b | Mediated effect, a × b | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | B | B | B | B | 95% CI | |
| Bulgaria (n 955) | ||||||
| PEL→V intake | 0·10 | 0·09 | ||||
| Availability | 0·03 | 0·41*** | 0·01 | −0·02, 0·04 | ||
| Facilitation | 0·14 | 0·01 | 0·00 | −0·01, 0·01 | ||
| Liking | 0·04 | 0·22*** | 0·01 | −0·01, 0·03 | ||
| Self-efficacy | −0·03 | 0·13* | −0·00 | −0·03, 0·02 | ||
| Knowledge | 0·01 | 0·12*** | −0·00 | −0·01, 0·01 | ||
| Total | 0·02 | −0·03, 0·07 | ||||
| Finland (n 925) | ||||||
| PEL→V intake | 0·43*** | 0·32*** | ||||
| Availability | 0·20*** | 0·30*** | 0·06*** | 0·02, 0·10 | ||
| Facilitation | 0·10 | 0·09** | 0·01 | −0·01, 0·03 | ||
| Liking | 0·10 | 0·24*** | 0·03* | 0·00, 0·05 | ||
| Self-efficacy | 0·19** | 0·06 | 0·01 | −0·01, 0·03 | ||
| Knowledge | 0·08 | 0·04 | 0·00 | −0·01, 0·02 | ||
| Total | 0·11 | 0·03, 0·19 | ||||
| Germany (n 615) | ||||||
| PEL→V intake | 0·46** | 0·37** | ||||
| Availability | 0·25*** | 0·16** | 0·04* | 0·00, 0·08 | ||
| Facilitation | −0·01 | 0·05 | −0·00 | −0·01, 0·01 | ||
| Liking | −0·01 | 0·19*** | −0·01 | −0·03, 0·03 | ||
| Self-efficacy | 0·08 | 0·18*** | 0·01 | −0·02, 0·05 | ||
| Knowledge | 0·25 | 0·14*** | 0·04 | −0·03, 0·10 | ||
| Total | 0·09* | 0·01, 0·17 | ||||
| Greece (n 703) | ||||||
| PEL→V intake | 0·35** | 0·26* | ||||
| Availability | 0·14* | 0·22*** | 0·03 | −0·00, 0·06 | ||
| Facilitation | −0·05 | 0·03 | −0·00 | −0·01, 0·01 | ||
| Liking | 0·05 | 0·17** | 0·01 | −0·02, 0·04 | ||
| Self-efficacy | 0·17* | 0·11 | 0·02 | −0·01, 0·04 | ||
| Knowledge | 0·33* | 0·10** | 0·03* | 0·00, 0·07 | ||
| Total | 0·09* | 0·02, 0·16 | ||||
| Iceland (n 386) | ||||||
| PEL→V intake | 0·38* | 0·18 | ||||
| Availability | 0·24** | 0·37*** | 0·09* | 0·01, 0·16 | ||
| Facilitation | 0·06 | 0·03 | 0·00 | −0·01, 0·01 | ||
| Liking | 0·06 | 0·23*** | 0·01 | −0·04, 0·07 | ||
| Self-efficacy | 0·12 | 0·21*** | 0·03 | −0·01, 0·06 | ||
| Knowledge | 0·60*** | 0·12*** | 0·07* | 0·02, 0·13 | ||
| Total | 0·20** | 0·06, 0·35 | ||||
| Netherlands (n 564) | ||||||
| PEL→V intake | 0·33* | 0·30* | ||||
| Availability | 0·12 | 0·21** | 0·03 | −0·01, 0·06 | ||
| Facilitation | −0·10 | 0·12* | −0·01 | −0·04, 0·01 | ||
| Liking | 0·02 | 0·14** | 0·00 | −0·04, 0·05 | ||
| Self-efficacy | 0·18* | −0·01 | −0·00 | −0·02, 0·02 | ||
| Knowledge | 0·08 | 0·12** | 0·01 | −0·02, 0·04 | ||
| Total | 0·02 | −0·07, 0·12 | ||||
| Norway (n 464) | ||||||
| PEL→V intake | 0·24 | 0·08 | ||||
| Availability | 0·14 | 0·40*** | 0·06 | −0·01, 0·12 | ||
| Facilitation | 0·21* | 0·07 | 0·01 | −0·02, 0·05 | ||
| Liking | 0·11 | 0·15* | 0·02 | −0·01, 0·04 | ||
| Self-efficacy | 0·17* | 0·23*** | 0·04* | 0·01, 0·07 | ||
| Knowledge | 0·49** | 0·07* | 0·03 | −0·01, 0·08 | ||
| Total | 0·16** | 0·06, 0·26 | ||||
| Portugal (n 776) | ||||||
| PEL→V intake | 0·51*** | 0·46*** | ||||
| Availability | 0·19 | 0·22*** | 0·04 | −0·02, 0·10 | ||
| Facilitation | −0·09 | −0·00 | 0·00 | −0·01, 0·01 | ||
| Liking | −0·23 | 0·20*** | −0·05 | −0·11, 0·02 | ||
| Self-efficacy | −0·08 | 0·11*** | −0·01 | −0·05, 0·03 | ||
| Knowledge | 0·52* | 0·12*** | 0·06* | 0·01, 0·12 | ||
| Total | 0·05 | −0·13, 0·23 | ||||
| Slovenia (n 1192) | ||||||
| PEL→V intake | 0·26*** | 0·20*** | ||||
| Availability | 0·04 | 0·14*** | 0·01 | −0·01, 0·02 | ||
| Facilitation | 0·01 | 0·06 | 0·00 | −0·01, 0·01 | ||
| Liking | 0·07 | 0·31*** | 0·02 | −0·01, 0·05 | ||
| Self-efficacy | 0·09 | 0·14*** | 0·01 | −0·00, 0·03 | ||
| Knowledge | 0·17 | 0·09*** | 0·02 | −0·00, 0·03 | ||
| Total | 0·06* | 0·01, 0·10 | ||||
| Sweden (n 709) | ||||||
| PEL→V intake | 0·18 | 0·13 | ||||
| Availability | 0·03 | 0·27*** | 0·01 | −0·02, 0·03 | ||
| Facilitation | −0·16 | 0·01 | −0·00 | −0·01, 0·01 | ||
| Liking | 0·04 | 0·34*** | 0·01 | −0·04, 0·07 | ||
| Self-efficacy | 0·08 | 0·20*** | 0·02 | −0·02, 0·05 | ||
| Knowledge | 0·09 | 0·12*** | 0·01 | −0·02, 0·04 | ||
| Total | 0·05 | −0·05, 0·15 | ||||
PEL, parental educational level; V, vegetable.
Statistical significance of the associations: *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001.
†
Parental educational level: lower to middle (reference) v. higher.
‡
All analyses adjusted for gender and age.