Table 2.
Independent student-level variables against percentage of pupil responses; secondary schools in Wales that were part of the 2005/2006 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study
| Pupil-level variable | % | Pupil-level variable | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (n 6688) | On diet (n 6650) | ||
| Boy | 49·7 | Yes | 20·1 |
| Girl | 50·3 | No | 79·9 |
| Year group (n 6693) | No. of subjects useful in learning on healthy eating (n 6291) | ||
| Year 7 | 21·1 | 0 subjects | 2·4 |
| Year 8 | 19·4 | 1 subject | 7·6 |
| Year 9 | 21·0 | 2 subjects | 18·1 |
| Year 10 | 19·8 | 3 subjects | 32·1 |
| Year 11 | 18·7 | 4 subjects | 39·8 |
| Family set up (n 6693) | Family Affluence Scale* (n 6337) | ||
| Both parents | 64·2 | Low | 4·7 |
| Step family | 11·6 | Medium | 42·6 |
| Single parent | 24·1 | High | 52·7 |
| TV viewing per day (n 6693) | Engagement with school† (n 5912) | ||
| Min hours | 0·0 | 0 | 0·7 |
| Max hours | 7·0 | 1 | 7·1 |
| Mean hours | 2·68 | 2 | 31·8 |
| 3 | 60·5 | ||
| No. of days have breakfast (n 6426) | No. of evenings spend time with friends (n 6426) | ||
| Never have breakfast | 4·9 | Never | 13·4 |
| 1 d | 6·3 | 1 evening | 12·3 |
| 2 d | 10·0 | 2 evenings | 15·5 |
| 3 d | 4·5 | 3 evenings | 15·1 |
| 4 d | 6·1 | 4 evenings | 10·7 |
| 5 d | 9·3 | 5 evenings | 11·1 |
| 6 d | 10·1 | 6 evenings | 8·4 |
| 7d | 48·9 | 7 evenings | 13·5 |
| No. of days spend time after school with friends (n 6379) | School lunch behaviour (n 6478) | ||
| Never | 11·6 | Eat a school dinner | 39·7 |
| 1 d | 11·0 | Buy a snack at school | 10·6 |
| 2 d | 16·2 | Eat a packed lunch | 27·5 |
| 3 d | 20·7 | Buy lunch outside | 13·6 |
| 4 d | 10·8 | Go to a home for lunch | 2·8 |
| 5 d | 29·7 | Don’t have lunch | 5·8 |
| Health conscious‡ (n 6135), ICC = 0·016 | Conscious healthy eating‡ (n 6120), ICC = 0·015 | ||
| Agree very strongly | 10·3 | Agree very strongly | 11·1 |
| Agree strongly | 17·7 | Agree strongly | 17·9 |
| Agree slightly | 24·3 | Agree slightly | 25·9 |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 23·9 | Neither agree nor disagree | 25·1 |
| Disagree slightly | 11·3 | Disagree slightly | 9·3 |
| Disagree strongly | 5·4 | Disagree strongly | 4·4 |
| Disagree very strongly | 7·0 | Disagree very strongly | 6·3 |
TV, television; ICC, intra-class correlation coefficient.
Family Affluence Scale is a four-item composite score to judge individual socio-economic status.
Engagement with school variable is a four-level composite variable derived from three questions in the HBSC questionnaire. The higher the score, the greater the engagement with school.
Two questions on attitudes to healthy eating were included in the student survey. There was some concern that as school approaches may influence attitudes to healthy eating these would be school-level variables rather than student-level ones. Low ICC scores indicated that these were not school-level variables.