Table 2.
Nutrient | Linoleic acid | α-Linolenic acid | Fe | Zn | Retinol | Vitamin C | Vitamin D | Vitamin E |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AI or RDA* | 2·13 g∥ | 0·43 g¶ | 7 mg | 6 mg | 400 μg | 60 mg | 10 μg | 6 mg |
Threshold for a possible daily intake insufficiency† | 2·13 g | 0·43 g | 5·4 mg | 4·6 mg | 308 μg | 46 mg | 7·7 μg | 4·6 mg |
Group CM (n 63)‡ | ||||||||
No. of children with intake under the threshold for dietary inadequacy | 32 | 53 | 37 | 35 | 51 | 31 | 63 | 59 |
Proportion (%) | 51 | 84 | 59 | 56 | 81 | 50 | 100 | 94 |
95% CI | 38, 63 | 75, 93 | 47, 71 | 43, 68 | 71, 91 | 37, 62 | 100, 100 | 88, 100 |
Group GUM (n 55)§ | ||||||||
No. of children with intake under the threshold for dietary inadequacy | 2 | 14 | 0 | 18 | 2 | 6 | 41 | 8 |
Proportion (%) | 4 | 26 | 0 | 33 | 4 | 11 | 75 | 15 |
95% CI | 0, 9 | 14, 37 | 0, 0 | 20, 45 | 0, 9 | 3, 19 | 63, 86 | 5, 24 |
Probability of a significant difference, within the two groups, in the proportion of children with a risk of dietary inadequacy (P < 0·05) | Z = 5·6 | Z = 6·4 | Z = 6·8 | Z = 2·4 | Z = 8·4 | Z = 4·5 | Z = 4·2 | Z = 8·7 |
P < 0·001 | P < 0·001 | P < 0·001 | P < 0·02 | P < 0·001 | P < 0·001 | P < 0·001 | P < 0·001 |
CM, cows’ milk; GUM, growing-up milk.
*AI or RDA: Adequate Intake calculated as the recommended contribution of the nutrient to total energy intake or Recommended Daily Allowance (from Beaufrère et al. ( 4 )).
†AI or 77% of the French RDA.
‡Group CM: children aged 12–24 months who received a daily intake of CM of at least 250 ml and who did not receive GUM or follow-on formula (FOF) or dairy products based on GUM or FOF (n 63).
§Group GUM: children aged 12–24 months who received a daily intake of GUM of at least 250 ml (n 55).
∥Lower limit of AI: 2% of observed total energy intake.
¶Lower limit of AI: 0·4% of observed total energy intake.