Table 5.
Linear regression analysis showing multivariate-adjusted associations between individual covariates and BMI* among adults (n 1004) from Metro Detroit, MI, USA, August 2009–February 2010
| Variable | β (BMI) | 95 % CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Living in Detroit | −0·46 | −2·23, 1·30 | 0·60 |
| Age (years) | 0·04 | −0·01, 0·09 | 0·12 |
| Female (ref: male) | 0·47 | −0·80, 1·75 | 0·47 |
| African American (ref: white) | 2·08 | −0·40, 3·75 | 0·01 |
| Employment (ref: full time) | |||
| Part time | −1·31 | −2·89, 0·26 | 0·10 |
| Retired | −2·35 | −4·24, −0·46 | 0·01 |
| Student | −0·87 | −2·84, 2·67 | 0·95 |
| Not employed | −1·86 | −3·44, −0·29 | 0·02 |
| Income (ref: >$US 25 000) | 0·20 | −1·09, 1·48 | 0·76 |
| Education (ref: high-school graduate or below) | 0·44 | −0·69, 1·58 | 0·44 |
| Participating in SNAP (ref: no) | 3·65 | 2·02, 5·28 | 0·0001 |
| Access to a car (ref: no) | −0·75 | −3·04, −1·54 | 0·52 |
| Physical activity (ref: never) | |||
| Some of the time | 1·07 | −0·56, 2·70 | 0·20 |
| Usually | −0·38 | −2·24, 1·48 | 0·69 |
| Smoking (ref: never) | |||
| Currently | −3·08 | −4·74, −1·68 | 0·0001 |
| Former | −1·26 | −2·51, −0·012 | 0·05 |
| Health status (ref: excellent) | |||
| Very good | 2·99 | 0·70, 5·29 | 0·01 |
| Good | 5·30 | 3·01, 7·59 | 0·0001 |
| Fair | 5·47 | 2·89, 8·04 | 0·0001 |
| Poor | 10·21 | 6·45, 13·97 | 0·0001 |
| Hypertension (ref: no) | 2·77 | 1·51, 4·04 | 0·0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (ref: no) | 3·43 | 1·65, 5·21 | 0·0002 |
| Anaemia (ref: no) | 0·52 | −1·45, 2·50 | 0·60 |
| Kidney disease (ref: no) | −0·54 | −6·73, 5·65 | 0·86 |
| Supermarket use (ref: every 2 weeks, monthly or rarely) | |||
| Daily or weekly | −0·18 | −1·35, 0·99 | 0·76 |
| Use of market (ref: every 2 weeks, monthly or rarely) | |||
| Daily or weekly | 0·82 | −0·50, 2·15 | 0·22 |
| Convenience store use (ref: every 2 weeks, monthly or rarely) | |||
| Daily or weekly | 0·74 | −0·52, 1·99 | 0·25 |
| Eating out (ref: no) | 0·20 | −0·88, 1·28 | 0·71 |
| Home-made foods (times/d) | 0·38 | 0·07, 0·69 | 0·02 |
| Prepared convenience foods (times/d) | −0·14 | −0·64, 0·36 | 0·59 |
| Fruit (servings/d) | 0·06 | −0·22, 0·34 | 0·68 |
| Vegetables (servings/d) | 0·36 | 0·01, 0·71 | 0·04 |
| Desserts (servings/d) | −0·39 | −0·82, 0·04 | 0·07 |
| Snacks (servings/d) | −0·29 | −0·59, –0·00 | 0·04 |
| Total score (points) | −0·02 | −0·10, 0·07 | 0·72 |
ref, referent category; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.
*All variables were included in one multivariable adjusted model (Model 5).