Table 2.
Association between organic food preferences and different sociodemographic factors (odds ratios for being a frequent user as opposed to a non-user): pregnant women (n 60 773), Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC), 1996–2002
| Non-users | Frequent users | Crude | Adjusted | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | n | % | n | % | OR | 95 % CI* | OR* | 95 % CI* | P† |
| Age (years) | <0·0001 | ||||||||
| <20 | 148 | 2 | 29 | 1 | 0·43 | 0·29, 0·65 | 0·33 | 0·16, 0·70 | |
| 20–23 | 1476 | 21 | 296 | 7 | 0·44 | 0·39, 0·51 | 0·48 | 0·39, 0·60 | |
| 25–29 | 3102 | 43 | 1402 | 34 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| 30–34 | 1901 | 26 | 1646 | 40 | 1·92 | 1·75, 2·10 | 1·88 | 1·64, 2·16 | |
| 35–39 | 491 | 7 | 692 | 17 | 3·12 | 2·73, 3·56 | 3·56 | 2·90, 4·37 | |
| ≥40 | 47 | 1 | 81 | 2 | 3·81 | 2·65, 5·49 | 4·49 | 2·71, 7·45 | |
| Occupational status | <0·0001 | ||||||||
| High-level proficiencies | 266 | 4 | 519 | 14 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| Medium-level proficiencies | 1107 | 17 | 1264 | 33 | 0·58 | 0·49, 0·69 | 0·83 | 0·67, 1·04 | |
| Skilled | 1534 | 23 | 484 | 13 | 0·16 | 0·13, 0·19 | 0·27 | 0·21, 0·34 | |
| Student | 543 | 8 | 654 | 17 | 0·62 | 0·51, 0·74 | 1·01 | 0·78, 1·31 | |
| Unskilled | 2194 | 33 | 447 | 12 | 0·10 | 0·09, 0·12 | 0·25 | 0·20, 0·32 | |
| Unemployed | 984 | 15 | 432 | 11 | 0·22 | 0·19, 0·27 | 0·48 | 0·37, 0·62 | |
| Living area | <0·0001 | ||||||||
| West Denmark | 5212 | 77 | 1617 | 43 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| East Denmark | 1567 | 23 | 2100 | 57 | 4·32 | 3·96, 4·71 | 2·44 | 2·05, 2·90 | |
| Urbanization | <0·0001 | ||||||||
| Capital city | 216 | 4 | 1036 | 29 | 23·8 | 20·1, 28·2 | 8·04 | 6·23, 10·4 | |
| Capital suburbs | 333 | 5 | 480 | 13 | 7·15 | 6·07, 8·44 | 2·70 | 2·10, 3·48 | |
| 100 000+ | 590 | 9 | 673 | 19 | 5·66 | 4·92, 6·52 | 5·04 | 4·22, 6·02 | |
| 10 000–99 999 | 2124 | 34 | 801 | 22 | 1·87 | 1·66, 2·11 | 1·45 | 1·25, 1·69 | |
| <10 000 | 3988 | 48 | 602 | 17 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| Cohabitation status | 0·0001 | ||||||||
| Couple/married | 6731 | 98 | 3831 | 97 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| Single | 125 | 2 | 103 | 3 | 1·45 | 1·11, 1·88 | 2·25 | 1·43, 3·55 | |
| Parity | 0·66 | ||||||||
| 0 | 3649 | 53 | 1789 | 45 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| 1 | 1990 | 29 | 1520 | 39 | 1·56 | 1·46, 1·70 | 1·54 | 1·34, 1·76 | |
| 2 | 941 | 14 | 537 | 14 | 1·16 | 1·03, 1·31 | 1·15 | 0·95, 1·39 | |
| 3+ | 278 | 4 | 89 | 2 | 0·65 | 0·51, 0·83 | 0·43 | 0·29, 0·64 | |
| Smoking | <0·0001 | ||||||||
| Non-smoker | 5014 | 71 | 3210 | 78 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| Occasional smoker | 741 | 10 | 559 | 14 | 1·18 | 1·05, 1·33 | 1·34 | 1·12, 1·61 | |
| <15 cigarettes/d | 1091 | 15 | 313 | 8 | 0·45 | 0·39, 0·51 | 0·62 | 0·50, 0·75 | |
| ≥15 cigarettes/d | 264 | 4 | 33 | 1 | 0·20 | 0·14, 0·28 | 0·28 | 0·16, 0·48 | |
| Alcohol in pregnancy | 0·21 | ||||||||
| Not at all | 3506 | 49 | 1803 | 44 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| Yes | 3600 | 51 | 2309 | 56 | 1·25 | 1·15, 1·35 | 0·90 | 0·80, 1·01 | |
| Dietary habits | <0·0001 | ||||||||
| Eating meat | 7172 | 99·7 | 3909 | 94 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| Vegetarian/vegan | 23 | 0·3 | 237 | 6 | 18·8 | 12·2, 28·9 | 18·7 | 9·77, 35·7 | |
| Pre-pregnant BMI (kg/m2) | <0·0001 | ||||||||
| <18·5 | 274 | 4 | 229 | 6 | 1·15 | 0·96, 1·38 | 1·26 | 0·96, 1·66 | |
| 18·5–24·9 | 4016 | 60 | 2911 | 75 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| 25·0–29·9 | 1604 | 24 | 561 | 15 | 0·48 | 0·43, 0·54 | 0·68 | 0·58, 0·79 | |
| 30·0–34·9 | 594 | 9 | 127 | 3 | 0·29 | 0·24, 0·36 | 0·51 | 0·39, 0·67 | |
| ≥35·0 | 252 | 4 | 39 | 1 | 0·21 | 0·15, 0·30 | 0·31 | 0·19, 0·51 | |
| Energy intake | <0·0001 | ||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 1573 | 22 | 668 | 16 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| Quintile 2 | 1290 | 19 | 762 | 19 | 1·39 | 1·22, 1·58 | 1·23 | 1·02, 1·49 | |
| Quintile 3 | 1342 | 19 | 790 | 19 | 1·38 | 1·22, 1·57 | 1·24 | 1·03, 1·50 | |
| Quintile 4 | 1270 | 18 | 889 | 22 | 1·65 | 1·45, 1·87 | 1·59 | 1·32, 1·91 | |
| Quintile 5 | 1509 | 22 | 980 | 24 | 1·53 | 1·35, 1·73 | 1·80 | 1·50, -2·15 | |
| Physical activity | <0·0001 | ||||||||
| None | 4673 | 68 | 2162 | 55 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| Light | 1358 | 20 | 910 | 23 | 1·45 | 1·31, 1·60 | 1·30 | 1·12, 1·49 | |
| Moderate | 718 | 11 | 734 | 19 | 2·21 | 1·97, 2·48 | 1·72 | 1·45, 2·03 | |
| High | 92 | 1 | 110 | 3 | 2·58 | 1·95, 3·42 | 1·24 | 0·80, 1·93 | |
| Dietary supplements | 0·073 | ||||||||
| No | 671 | 10 | 211 | 5 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| Yes | 6334 | 90 | 3891 | 95 | 1·95 | 1·66, 2·29 | 1·28 | 1·00, 1·64 | |
Ref, referent category.
*Mutually adjusted.
†P value for trend for exposures with more than two categories.