Table 3.
Weekly consumption frequency (means and their standard errors), prevalence of high consumption, and odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals) for intake of high-sugar, refined and high-fat foods by classified parental education level; children (n 14 426) aged 2 to 9 years from eight European countries, baseline survey of IDEFICS study, September 2007 to May 2008
| Food group/Parental education | n | Mean | se | P† | OR | 95 % CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fried potatoes | ||||||
| Low | 1035 | 1·6a,b | 0·06 | 47 | 2·00*** | 1·72, 2·31 |
| Medium | 6618 | 1·2a,c | 0·02 | 41 | 1·34*** | 1·24, 1·45 |
| High | 5674 | 0·9b,c | 0·02 | 33 | ||
| Fruits with sugar and nuts | ||||||
| Low | 1045 | 4·7a,b | 0·15 | 46 | 2·23*** | 1·92, 2·59 |
| Medium | 6691 | 3·2a,c | 0·06 | 35 | 1·23*** | 1·14, 1·33 |
| High | 5742 | 2·5b,c | 0·06 | 36 | ||
| Fried meat and fish | ||||||
| Low | 1048 | 3·9a,b | 0·09 | 48 | 1·36*** | 1·17, 1·58 |
| Medium | 6683 | 3·4a,c | 0·04 | 42 | 1·10* | 1·01, 1·20 |
| High | 5717 | 3·0b,c | 0·04 | 41 | ||
| Cold cuts | ||||||
| Low | 1025 | 4·4a,b | 0·12 | 36 | 1·18* | 1·00, 1·39 |
| Medium | 6574 | 4·0a | 0·05 | 32 | 1·00 | 0·92, 1·08 |
| High | 5638 | 3·9b | 0·05 | 36 | ||
| Fast food | ||||||
| Low | 1015 | 2·4a,b | 0·09 | 30 | 1·55*** | 1·30, 1·85 |
| Medium | 6622 | 1·8a | 0·03 | 25 | 0·99 | 0·89, 1·10 |
| High | 5700 | 1·8b | 0·04 | 25 | ||
| White bread | ||||||
| Low | 1030 | 7·8a,b | 0·19 | 40 | 1·14 | 0·99, 1·33 |
| Medium | 6609 | 7·1a,c | 0·08 | 36 | 1·09* | 1·01, 1·18 |
| High | 5662 | 6·6b,c | 0·09 | 37 | ||
| Sugared beverages‡ | ||||||
| Low | 1049 | 17·5a,b | 0·35 | 47 | 2·01*** | 1·77, 2·37 |
| Medium | 6710 | 13·5a,c | 0·14 | 37 | 1·27*** | 1·17, 1·38 |
| High | 5744 | 11·4b,c | 0·15 | 33 | ||
| Snacks and desserts | ||||||
| Low | 1043 | 9·3a,b | 0·21 | 43 | 1·61*** | 1·39, 1·87 |
| Medium | 6686 | 7·6a,c | 0·08 | 37 | 1·22*** | 1·12, 1·32 |
| High | 5738 | 6·9b,c | 0·09 | 39 | ||
| Chocolate- or nut-based spread | ||||||
| Low | 1017 | 2·5a,b | 0·08 | 32 | 1·39*** | 1·17, 1·66 |
| Medium | 6551 | 1·9a,c | 0·03 | 31 | 1·08 | 0·96, 1·20 |
| High | 5664 | 1·7b,c | 0·04 | 27 |
Reference group: high education.
Analysis of covariance model adjusted for gender, age and BMI category. Two-sided level of significance (P < 0·05): asignificant difference between low and medium; bsignificant difference between low and high; csignificant difference between medium and high.
OR and 95 % CI determined by logistic regression models. Variables included in the models were parental education, gender, age and BMI category. Two-sided level of significance: *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001.
†p refers to the proportion of participants assigned to the highest consumption category.
‡Includes soft drinks, fruit juices and sugared milk.