Table 4.
OR and 95 % CI for the associations between overweight/obesity and EI (Model 1a to 6a), %EI from fruits/vegetables (Model 1b to 6b) and %EI from soft drinks (Model 1c to 6c) in different models: children aged 2–9 years, IDEFICS Study
| Basic model | Basic model adjusted for covariables | Exclusion of misreports | Adjustment for reporting group | Adjustment for propensity score | Adjustment for reporting group and propensity score | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Model 1a* | Model 2a† | Model 3a‡ | Model 4a§ | Model 5a∥ | Model 6a¶ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EI (1 unit = 418·4 kJ (100 kcal)) | 0·996 | 0·983, 1·010 | 1·013 | 0·995, 1·031 | 1·057 | 1·038, 1·076 | 1·068 | 1·049, 1·086 | 1·019 | 1·005, 1·034 | 1·074 | 1·054, 1·095 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PR v. UdR | 0·205 | 0·155, 0.271 | 0·390 | 0·280, 0·542 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OvR v. UdR | 0·041 | 0·023, 0·073 | 0·076 | 0·041, 0·142 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Propensity score | 1·222 | 1·202, 1·243 | 1·217 | 1·038, 1·402 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Model 1b* | Model 2b† | Model 3b‡ | Model 4b§ | Model 5b∥ | Model 6b¶ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| %EI from fruits/vegetables | 1·009 | 1·001, 1·018 | 1·009 | 0·998, 1·020 | 1·007 | 0·998, 1·017 | 1·006 | 0·997, 1·014 | 0·994 | 0·985, 1·003 | 0·993 | 0·984, 1·002 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PR v. UdR | 0·365 | 0·289, 0·461 | 0·710 | 0·532, 0·948 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OvR v. UdR | 0·154 | 0·099, 0·242 | 0·298 | 0·181, 0·491 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Propensity score | 1·250 | 1·227, 1·274 | 1·245 | 1·222, 1.269 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Model 1c* | Model 2c† | Model 3c‡ | Model 4c§ | Model 5c∥ | Model 6c¶ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| %EI from soft drinks | 0·999 | 0·986, 1·013 | 0·996 | 0·982, 1·011 | 0·996 | 0·982, 1·011 | 1·001 | 0·988, 1·015 | 1·016 | 1·000, 1·031 | 1·015 | 1·000, 1·031 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PR v. UdR | 0·359 | 0·285, 0·453 | 0·692 | 0·520, 0·921 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OvR v. UdR | 0·151 | 0·097, 0·237 | 0·307 | 0·188, 0·504 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Propensity score | 1·231 | 1·210, 1·253 | 1·226 | 1·205, 1·248 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EI, energy intake; %EI, percentage of energy intake; PR, plausible report; UdR, under-report; OvR, over-report.
Effects of continuous variables are assessed as 1-unit offsets from the mean. Due to the small scale of the propensity score, 0.01-unit offsets from mean were chosen here.
*Basic model: logistic multilevel regression model; OR for the association between overweight/obesity and food intake adjusted for age and sex and including the study centre as random effect (n 5962).
†Basic model additionally adjusted for net household income (dummy: high v. medium/low), number of persons below 18 years of age in the household, day of the interview (dummy: weekday v. Saturday/Sunday), information on parental concerns and perception regarding their child's weight status and reported intakes from food groups associated with misreporting.
‡Basic model, but excluding UdR and OvR (n 5319).
§Basic model adjusted for the reporting group (UdR, PR, OvR).
∥Basic model adjusted for a propensity score for misreporting.
¶Basic model adjusted for the reporting group and for the propensity score for misreporting.