Table 2.
Daily food and nutrient intakes assessed by the FFQ and the 3 d food record (FR), and differences between both methods, among pre-school children (fifty-one boys and forty-eight girls) in the validation study of the mother–child ‘Rhea’ birth cohort, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 2011–2012
| FFQ | FR | Difference (FFQ – FR) | Spearman’s correlation r | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean | sd | Median | IQR | Mean | sd | Median | IQR | P value† | Unadjusted | Energy adjusted | |
| Food groups | ||||||||||||
| Sugar preserves and confectionery (g) | 98 | 45·0 | 27·6 | 40·3 | 35·0 | 51·4 | 37·4 | 42·9 | 50·0 | 0·716 | 0·463* | 0·437* |
| Vegetables (g) | 99 | 156·0 | 76·9 | 145·1 | 86·2 | 94·6 | 60·0 | 91·2 | 93·9 | 0·936 | 0·362* | 0·295* |
| Fruits (g) | 94 | 179·1 | 103·3 | 154·1 | 163·0 | 138·9 | 107·2 | 125·8 | 148·5 | 0·998 | 0·505* | 0·597* |
| Pulses (g) | 51 | 6·4 | 3·6 | 5·5 | 4·1 | 11·2 | 7·4 | 8·5 | 9·0 | 0·866 | 0·318* | 0·322* |
| Milk (g) | 99 | 423·0 | 247·1 | 408·0 | 251·7 | 348·7 | 161·9 | 316·7 | 218·1 | 0·264 | 0·622* | 0·671* |
| Poultry (g) | 62 | 13·8 | 8·2 | 12·3 | 8·6 | 31·3 | 17·9 | 28·3 | 23·1 | 0·656 | 0·038 | 0·109 |
| Red meat (g) | 99 | 24·4 | 12·8 | 21·9 | 14·9 | 32·4 | 21·0 | 29·1 | 29·7 | 0·398 | 0·183 | 0·253* |
| Eggs (g) | 88 | 20·2 | 11·5 | 20·8 | 17·7 | 18·7 | 13·9 | 16·7 | 16·3 | 0·591 | 0·384* | 0·427* |
| Nutrients | ||||||||||||
| Protein (g) | 99 | 60·7 | 13·7 | 58·1 | 17·4 | 54·8 | 11·7 | 53·6 | 13·4 | 0·821 | 0·242* | 0·338* |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 99 | 161·8 | 35·1 | 162·2 | 45·8 | 136·3 | 38·4 | 132·5 | 49·6 | 0·812 | 0·160 | 0·162 |
| Total fat (g) | 99 | 78·4 | 19·7 | 78·8 | 22·8 | 71·7 | 19·2 | 71·6 | 24·2 | 0·589 | 0·178 | 0·099 |
| MUFA (per 100 g) | 99 | 28·6 | 8·4 | 27·4 | 10·3 | 25·8 | 8·9 | 25·0 | 11·6 | 0·505 | 0·129 | 0·211* |
| PUFA (per 100 g) | 99 | 5·2 | 1·5 | 5·2 | 1·6 | 5·0 | 1·9 | 4·8 | 2·5 | 0·834 | 0·156 | 0·352* |
| SFA (per 100 g) | 99 | 33·6 | 8·7 | 32·4 | 11·2 | 29·1 | 7·9 | 29·1 | 11·2 | 0·975 | 0·175 | 0·177 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 99 | 5·7 | 3·0 | 5·7 | 4·4 | 4·0 | 2·2 | 3·7 | 2·8 | 0·562 | 0·411* | 0·484* |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 99 | 110·2 | 46·8 | 96·5 | 77·0 | 71·9 | 41·8 | 69·5 | 52·6 | 0·802 | 0·342* | 0·434* |
| Folate (μg) | 99 | 222·1 | 56·2 | 218·4 | 70·8 | 163·8 | 57·2 | 159·8 | 70·5 | 0·724 | 0·268* | 0·338* |
| Zn (mg) | 99 | 7·0 | 1·6 | 6·8 | 2·0 | 6·0 | 1·3 | 5·8 | 1·8 | 0·761 | 0·159 | 0·322* |
| Ca (mg) | 99 | 1184·5 | 360·0 | 1136·2 | 406·6 | 968·7 | 289·0 | 965·2 | 377·6 | 0·772 | 0·447* | 0·379* |
| Fe (mg) | 99 | 7·9 | 2·6 | 7·5 | 2·7 | 6·7 | 2·9 | 6·5 | 3·1 | 0·989 | 0·134 | 0·222* |
| Iodine (μg) | 99 | 191·2 | 94·9 | 184·8 | 125·4 | 153·9 | 69·0 | 144·4 | 70·0 | 0·287 | 0·411* | 0·484* |
| P (mg) | 99 | 1255·6 | 311·0 | 1189·1 | 398·2 | 1074·0 | 262·3 | 1044·5 | 349·1 | 0·655 | 0·404* | 0·401* |
IQR, interquartile range.
*
Statistically significant Spearman’s r (P<0·05).
†
Wilcoxon signed-rank test, adjusted for energy intake (P<0·05 indicates significance).