Table 1.

Frequency of intervention characteristics and behaviour change techniques associated with intervention effectiveness^*

	Effective interventions (n 10)	Ineffective interventions (n 4)	Total (n 14)
Specific dairy target of the intervention
Promote low-fat dairy within the context of a healthy diet	5	4	9
Increase milk intake only	2	0	2
Increase Ca through increased dairy food intake	3	0	3
Intervention intensity
Lower	2	1	3
Medium	4	2	6
Higher	4	1	5
Behaviour change techniques used†
1. Provide general information	3	1	4
2. Provide information consequences	3	2	5
3. Provide information other approval	2	0	2
4. Prompt intention formation	6	2	8
5. Prompt barrier identification	2	1	3
6. General encouragement	6	2	8
7. Set graded tasks	0	2	2
8. Provide instruction	6	2	8
9. Model the behaviour	5	2	7
10. Prompt specific goal setting	6	2	8
11. Prompt review of goals	2	2	4
12. Prompt self-monitoring	4	3	7
13. Provide performance feedback	0	2	2
14. Provide contingent rewards	1	1	2
15. Teach use prompts/cues	2	2	4
16. Agree behavioural contract	0	0	0
17. Prompt practice	6	0	6
18. Use follow-up prompts	2	0	2
19. Opportunities social comparison	5	1	6
20. Plan social support/change	4	1	5
21. Identify role model/advocate	3	1	4
22. Prompt self-talk	0	0	0
23. Relapse prevention	0	0	0
24. Stress management	0	0	0
25. Motivational interviewing	1	0	1
30. Taste exposure	6	0	6
31. General nutrition education	7	3	10
32. Environmental restructuring	3	2	5
33. Prescribed diet	3	2	5

Bold: techniques that differentiate effective and ineffective studies.

Italics: most commonly used techniques.

^*Intervention effectiveness is defined as a statistically significant increase (P < 0·05) in a dairy outcome AND outcome measured using an objective method or robust dietary assessment method.

^†Behaviour change techniques from taxonomy by Abraham and Michie^{( 29 )}.