Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics by breakfast intake status* among eighty-three primary-school children of the Troodos mountainous area in Cyprus, CYFamilies (Cyprus Families) study, 2006/07 school year
| Breakfast skippers | Breakfast eaters | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean, n or median | sd, % or IQR | Mean, n or median | sd, % or IQR | P value | |
| Age (years), mean and sd | 9·10 | 1·71 | 9·28 | 1·60 | 0·507 |
| Gender, n and % | |||||
| Boys | 42 | 49·4 | 41 | 54·7 | 0·507 |
| Girls | 43 | 50·6 | 34 | 45·3 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean and sd | 18·02 | 3·85 | 17·96 | 3·24 | 0·913 |
| WC (cm), mean and sd | 59·71 | 10·29 | 59·50 | 7·93 | 0·887 |
| BF%, mean and sd | 22·34 | 7·34 | 21·17 | 6·41 | 0·293 |
| ‘WC and BF%’ variable (theoretical range: 0–2 points (worse)), mean and sd | 0·38 | 0·66 | 0·25 | 0·49 | 0·148 |
| Modified KIDMED score (theoretical range: −3 to 12 points (best)), mean and sd | 6·01 | 2·50 | 7·07 | 2·32 | 0·007 |
| TC (mg/dl), mean and sd | 163·62 | 28·65 | 165·27 | 25·76 | 0·786 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl), mean and sd | 96·27 | 23·14 | 95·89 | 24·55 | 0·943 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl), mean and sd | 51·95 | 10·05 | 54·77 | 10·35 | 0·218 |
| TAG (mg/dl), mean and sd | 76·97 | 30·89 | 72·68 | 30·64 | 0·533 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl), mean and sd | 90·00 | 6·59 | 86·00 | 6·30 | 0·019 |
| hs-CRP, log transformed (mg/dl), mean and sd | 0·05 | 0·05 | 0·03 | 0·04 | 0·102 |
| Serum Fe (μg/dl), mean and sd | 69·97 | 27·97 | 82·79 | 29·71 | 0·050 |
| Ferritin (ng/dl), mean and sd | 41·22 | 14·16 | 41·36 | 13·40 | 0·962 |
| CDRI (theoretical range: 0–5 (worse)), mean and sd | 1·16 | 1·09 | 1·00 | 1·12 | 0·514 |
| Physical activity level (as pedometer counts), median and IQR | 18 707 | 14 607–25 072 | 21 493 | 17 580–29 272 | 0·762 |
IQR, interquartile range; WC, waist circumference; BF%, body fat percentage; KIDMED, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, LDL cholesterol; HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; CDRI, cardiovascular disease risk index.
P values obtained by the independent t test for normally distributed variables, by the Mann–Whitney U test for variables with non-normal distribution or by the χ 2 test for categorical variables.
Breakfast skippers, most of the days do not take breakfast; breakfast eaters, most of the days take breakfast.