Table 4.
Age of introduction to fruit and vegetables and associated differences from the mean (β and 95 % CI) for the Health Plate Variety Score (HPVS) in children in four European countries. Generalized linear models were adjusted for child gender, maternal age, education status and smoking status, duration of being breast-fed and age of introduction to solids)
| Age of introduction to fruit | Age of introduction to vegetables | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| >4 months | ≥4–<5 months (Ref.) <5 months | ≥5–<6 months | ≥6 months ≥6–7 months (EuroPrevall only) | >15 months (ALSPAC only) >7 months (EuroPrevall only) | >4 months | ≥4–<5 months (Ref.)<5 months | ≥5–<6 months | ≥6 months ≥6–<7 months (EuroPrevall only) | ≥7–<8 months (EuroPrevall only) | >15 months (ALSPAC only) ≥8 months (EuroPrevall only) | ||||||||||
| Cohort | β | 95 % CI | (Gen XXI only) | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI | (Gen XXI only) | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI | β | 95 % CI |
| ALSPAC, 2 years | −0·06 | −0·12, 0·01 | Ref. | 0·02 | −0·05, 0·09 | −0·01 | −0·07, 0·04 | −0·32 | −0·46, −0·17 | 0·02 | −0·05, 0·10 | Ref. | 0·006 | −0·06, 0·07 | −0·12 | −0·18, −0·06 | −0·46 | −0·61, −0·31 | ||
| EDEN, 2 years | −0·15 | −0·30, 0·00 | Ref. | −0·05 | −0·20, 0·10 | −0·15 | −0·30, 0·00 | 0·05 | −0·10, 0·25 | Ref. | 0·10 | −0·05, 0·25 | 0·10 | −0·05, 0·25 | ||||||
| ALSPAC, 3 years | −0·07 | −0·12, −0·01 | Ref. | 0·03 | −0·03, 0·09 | 0·01 | −0·04, 0·06 | −0·062 | −0·18, 0·06 | 0·05 | −0·01, 0·10 | Ref. | −0·04 | −0·01, 0·09 | −0·09 | −0·13, −0·04 | −0·12 | −0·25, 0·008 | ||
| EDEN, 3 years | −0·15 | −0·30, 0·05 | Ref. | 0·15 | −0·05, 0·30 | 0·00 | −0·15, 0·15 | 0·05 | −0·10, 0·25 | Ref. | 0·10 | −0·05, 0·25 | 0·10 | −0·05, 0·25 | ||||||
| EuroPrevall, 3 years | N/A | Ref. | −0·30 | −0·65, 0·00 | −0·15 | −0·48, 0·25 | −0·30 | −0·95, 0·35 | N/A | Ref. | −0·15 | −0·75, 0·40 | −0·15 | −0·80, 0·50 | −0·35 | −1·05, 0·30 | ||||
| ALSPAC, 4 years | −0·17 | −0·08, 0·04 | Ref. | 0·02 | −0·04, 0·08 | 0·02 | −0·03, 0·07 | −0·08 | −0·21, 0·05 | 0·001 | −0·06, 0·06 | Ref. | −0·05 | −0·11, 0·01 | −0·09 | −0·14, −0·04 | −0·11 | −0·24, 0·03 | ||
| Generation XXI, 4 years | N/A | Ref. | 0·005 | −0·135, 0·145 | −0·08 | −0·20, 0·04 | Ref. | −0·03 | −0·16, 0·10 | 0·05 | −0·07, 0·17 | |||||||||
Ref., referent category; ALSPAC, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; EDEN, Etude des Déterminants pre et postnatals de la santé et du développement de l’Enfant; N/A, not applicable.