Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants: adults aged ≥20 years (n 1528) from rural and urban areas of Hanoi, Thua Thien Hue Province and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 2008
| Urban (n 721) | Rural (n 807) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | ||
| Age (years) | 45·7 | 15·6 | 45·5 | 15·6 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21·6 | 3·2 | 21·0 | 3·1 | ||
| WHR | 0·87 | 0·07 | 0·86* | 0·07 | ||
| Physical activity level (%) | ||||||
| Low | 49·9 | 43·0 | ||||
| Moderate | 18·6 | 16·2 | ||||
| High | 31·5 | 40·8 | ||||
| Lowest education level (%) | 13·4 | 27·0** | ||||
| Lifelong occupation heavy worker (%) | 13·7 | 21·6** | ||||
| Energy intake (kJ/d) | 8226 | 2134 | 7941* | 1937 | ||
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1966 | 510 | 1898* | 463 | ||
| Plant protein intake (g/d) | 41·5 | 16·3 | 41·4 | 15·0 | ||
| Animal protein intake (g/d) | 34·2 | 18·8 | 28·2** | 18·7 | ||
| MSG intake (g/d) | 2·3 | 1·8 | 2·1 | 1·8 | ||
WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; MSG, monosodium glutamate.
Data are presented as mean and standard deviation or percentage. Values were compared between rural and urban areas by the independent t test or the χ 2 test.
Values were significantly different from those in urban areas: *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01 (two-sided).