Table 2.

Multivariable adjusted associations between breast-feeding initiation and continuation by maternal diabetes status; Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2009–2011

	Initiation (n 72 755)								Continuation (n 60 381)
	Unadjusted		Full model†		Smoker‡		Non-smoker‡		Unadjusted		Full model§
	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI
PDM v. NDM	0·78	0·62, 0·98	0·81	0·64, 1·04	1·26	0·83, 1·93	0·71	0·54, 0·94	0·69	0·56, 0·86	0·71	0·56, 0·91
GDM v. NDM	0·92	0·81, 1·03	0·93	0·81, 1·06	1·31	1·03, 1·69	0·83	0·72, 0·97	0·87	0·78, 0·97	0·89	0·79, 1·00
GDM v. PDM	1·17	0·91, 1·51	1·14	0·87, 1·49	1·03	0·64, 1·66	1·17	0·86, 1·59	1·25	0·99, 1·59	1·25	0·96, 1·63

NDM, no diabetes; PDM, pregestational diabetes mellitus; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus.

^†Adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, marital status, pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal education, previous live births, preterm birth, intention to become pregnant, current smoking status, participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), insurance at delivery, infant admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, discussed breast-feeding with a health-care worker during any prenatal visit and type of delivery.

^‡Adjusted for all the same variables as the full model in †, except stratified by current smoking status.

^§Adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, marital status, pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal education, previous live births, preterm birth, current smoking status, participation in WIC and type of delivery.