Table 2.
Intakes of energy and macronutrients and the values of GI and GL before and after the dietary intervention according to study group: women with gestational diabetes mellitus recruited at the Center of Maternal Primary Care in Guangdong General Hospital, China, from June 2008 to July 2009
| Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | Mean change | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control group (n 42) | Low-GL group (n 41) | Control group (n 42) | Low-GL group (n 41) | Control group (n 42) | Low-GL group (n 41) | ||||||||||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P | |
| Energy (MJ) | 10·7 | 1·8 | 10·8 | 2·0 | 0·811 | 8·5 | 0·9 | 8·4 | 0·9 | 0·614 | −2·2 | 0·4 | −2·4 | 0·6 | 0·077 |
| Protein (g)* | 102·9 | 23·3 | 105·2 | 23·4 | 0·655 | 95·6 | 12·5 | 94·6 | 14·3 | 0·735 | −7·3 | 6·8 | −10·6 | 9·2 | 0·066 |
| Fat (g)* | 83·2 | 15·5 | 85·9 | 13·9 | 0·406 | 71·8 | 8·6 | 71·6 | 9·1 | 0·918 | −11·4 | 8·4 | −14·3 | 7·5 | 0·101 |
| Carbohydrate (g)* | 353·9 | 83·5 | 338·2 | 75·0 | 0·371 | 252·6 | 34·5 | 243·6 | 35·5 | 0·245 | −101·3 | 18·2 | −94·6 | 16·5 | 0·083 |
| Dietary fibre (g)* | 35·5 | 8·7 | 35·3 | 9·6 | 0·921 | 28·7 | 5·6 | 33·3 | 6·1 | <0·01 | −6·8 | 4·8 | −2·0 | 4·9 | <0·01 |
| GI | 56·1 | 2·4 | 56·0 | 2·1 | 0·841 | 53·8 | 2·5 | 50·1 | 2·2 | <0·01 | −2·3 | 0·2 | −5·9 | 0·2 | <0·01 |
| GL* | 198·5 | 46·8 | 189·4 | 42·0 | 0·354 | 135·9 | 19·0 | 122·0 | 17·8 | <0·01 | −62·6 | 5·2 | −67·4 | 6·2 | <0·01 |
GI, glycaemic index; GL, glycaemic load.
The Control group received an individualized general dietary intervention and the Low-GL group received an intensive low-GL intervention, every two weeks, from 24–26 weeks of gestation to delivery.
*
Wilcoxon’s rank test was used for the group comparisons. For the others, the t test was used.