Table 3.

Metabolic outcomes before and after the dietary intervention according to study group: women with gestational diabetes mellitus recruited at the Center of Maternal Primary Care in Guangdong General Hospital, China, from June 2008 to July 2009

	Pre-intervention					Post-intervention					Mean change
	Control group		Low-GL group			Control group		Low-GL group			Control group		Low-GL group
	(n 42)		(n 41)			(n 42)		(n 41)			(n 42)		(n 41)
	Mean	sd	Mean	sd	P	Mean	sd	Mean	sd	P	Mean	sd	Mean	sd	P	Power
FPG (mmol/l)	4·80	0·55	4·96	0·81	0·295	4·78	0·91	4·63	0·97	0·469	−0·02	0·22	−0·33	0·21	<0·01	1·000
2 h PG (mmol/l)	9·37	1·35	9·13	1·61	0·463	6·86	1·25	6·15	1·07	0·007	−2·51	0·66	−2·98	0·75	0·003	0·857
HbA1c (%)	5·58	0·30	5·56	0·58	0·843	5·67	0·28	5·68	0·54	0·916	0·09	0·14	0·12	0·14	0·332	0·164
TC (mmol/l)	5·74	0·74	5·79	1·01	0·797	5·97	0·89	5·96	1·02	0·962	0·23	0·09	0·12	0·09	<0·01	0·999
TG (mmol/l)*	2·60	0·60	2·67	1·27	0·748	3·14	1·05	3·09	1·14	0·836	0·56	0·12	0·41	0·13	<0·01	0·999
HDL-C (mmol/l)*	1·96	0·39	1·89	0·33	0·381	1·85	0·36	1·87	0·34	0·795	−0·11	0·09	−0·01	0·10	<0·01	0·998
LDL-C (mmol/l)*	2·13	0·60	2·19	0·58	0·645	2·16	0·81	2·20	0·54	0·792	0·01	0·06	0·03	0·07	0·166	0·797

GL, glycaemic load; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2 h PG, 2 h postprandial glucose; HbA1c, glycated Hb; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; LDL-C, LDL cholesterol.

The Control group received an individualized general dietary intervention and the Low-GL group received an intensive low-GL intervention, every two weeks, from 24–26 weeks of gestation to delivery.

^*Wilcoxon’s rank test was used for the group comparisons. For the others, the t test was used.