Table 2.
Median (25th percentile, 75th percentile; P25, P75) crude daily nutrient intakes estimated from the FFQ and the 4 d food diary (FD) in the obese group (n 31): pregnant women between 12 and 29 weeks’ gestation, Edinburgh, UK
| FFQ | FD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrient | Median | P25, P75 | Median | P25, P75 | P value† | P value‡ |
| Energy (kJ) | 10 157 | 8453, 11262 | 6544 | 5062, 7465 | <0·001 | – |
| Protein (g) | 103·3 | 78·8, 124·1 | 63·0 | 50·7, 72·2 | <0·001 | 0·655 |
| Fat (g) | 97·9 | 73·2, 119·8 | 61·6 | 48·4, 77·0 | <0·001 | 0·827 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 287·8 | 241·6, 367·0 | 198·7 | 149·2, 235·4 | <0·001 | 0·720 |
| SFA (g) | 37·2 | 27·1, 47·6 | 23·6 | 16·5, 27·6 | <0·001 | 0·664 |
| MUFA (g) | 34·0 | 24·8, 40·4 | 20·6 | 16·1, 24·8 | <0·001 | 0·588 |
| PUFA (g) | 16·5 | 13·8, 18·6 | 10·5 | 8·5, 14·3 | 0·004 | 0·168 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 300 | 215, 420 | 185 | 133, 222 | <0·001 | 0·466 |
| Sugars (g) | 134·0 | 113·8, 167·0 | 80·3 | 62·0, 101·4 | <0·001 | 0·105 |
| Starch (g) | 138·0 | 121·0, 178·0 | 112·1 | 97·0, 132·9 | 0·001 | 0·362 |
| Fibre (g) | 22·0 | 16·1, 28·3 | 3·3 | 2·7, 4·3 | <0·001 | 1·000 |
| Na (mg) | 3222 | 2448, 3972 | 2381 | 1884, 2782 | 0·002 | 0·293 |
| K (mg) | 3957 | 3300, 5166 | 2371 | 1860, 2834 | <0·001 | 0·686 |
| Ca (mg) | 1197 | 922, 1596 | 776 | 584, 945 | <0·001 | 0·735 |
| Mg (mg) | 416 | 338, 490 | 211 | 152, 268 | <0·001 | 0·279 |
| P (mg) | 1783 | 1448, 2178 | 1075 | 890, 1230 | <0·001 | 0·558 |
| Fe (mg) | 14·17 | 11·54, 17·34 | 8·40 | 6·05, 11·25 | <0·001 | 0·504 |
| Cu (mg) | 2·83 | 2·36, 3·47 | 0·81 | 0·53, 1·11 | <0·001 | 0·854 |
| Zn (mg) | 12·40 | 9·50, 15·40 | 6·60 | 5·65, 8·30 | <0·001 | 0·671 |
| Cl (mg) | 4826 | 3788, 6061 | 3575 | 2772, 4036 | 0·002 | 0·165 |
| Mn (mg) | 4·30 | 3·30, 4·95 | 2·08 | 1·51, 2·71 | <0·001 | 0·583 |
| Se (μg) | 67·0 | 47·0, 80·0 | 34·0 | 27·5, 47·5 | <0·001 | 0·570 |
| Iodine (μg) | 254 | 182, 316 | 122 | 96, 152 | <0·001 | 0·692 |
| Retinol (μg) | 325 | 236, 426 | 224 | 171, 326 | 0·012 | 0·690 |
| β-Carotene equivalents (μg) | 3381 | 2393, 7336 | 1093 | 826, 1656 | <0·001 | 0·800 |
| Vitamin D (μg) | 4·05 | 2·61, 4·77 | 1·79 | 0·72, 2·54 | <0·001 | 0·820 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 11·98 | 9·03, 15·33 | 7·11 | 5·07, 9·03 | <0·001 | 0·800 |
| Thiamin (mg) | 1·97 | 1·53, 2·40 | 1·36 | 1·11, 1·59 | <0·001 | 0·145 |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 2·08 | 1·60, 2·89 | 1·30 | 1·01, 1·61 | <0·001 | 0·970 |
| Niacin (mg) | 24·50 | 18·55, 29·85 | 27·80 | 23·65, 34·80 | 0·011 | 0·509 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 2·58 | 2·03, 3·30 | 1·59 | 1·40, 2·12 | <0·001 | 0·155 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 6·80 | 5·05, 8·80 | 3·89 | 2·78, 5·43 | <0·001 | 0·541 |
| Folic acid (μg) | 323 | 240, 398 | 204 | 154, 231 | <0·001 | 0·390 |
| Pantothenic acid (mg) | 6·53 | 5·20, 7·91 | 3·60 | 3·15, 5·00 | <0·001 | 0·807 |
| Biotin (μg) | 46·5 | 36·7, 52·4 | 20·3 | 16·4, 26·5 | <0·001 | 0·916 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 150·0 | 116·5, 229·5 | 99·4 | 49·5, 173·2 | 0·197 | 0·907 |
†P value, log-transformed as necessary, crude intakes (paired t test).
‡P value, log-transformed as necessary, energy-adjusted intakes (paired t test).