Table 3.
Median (25th percentile, 75th percentile; P25, P75) crude daily nutrient intakes estimated from the FFQ and the 4 d food diary (FD) in the lean group (n 32): pregnant women between 12 and 29 weeks’ gestation, Edinburgh, UK
| FFQ | FD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrient | Median | P25, P75 | Median | P25, P75 | P value† | P value‡ |
| Energy (kJ) | 10 421 | 8415, 12644 | 7335 | 6167, 8131 | <0·001 | – |
| Protein (g) | 92·6 | 74·2, 122·0 | 65·8 | 56·2, 74·6 | <0·001 | 0·782 |
| Fat (g) | 95·4 | 72·4, 129·0 | 66·1 | 54·9, 81·7 | <0·001 | 0·873 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 334·9 | 259·4, 358·4 | 222·8 | 188·6, 263·0 | <0·001 | 0·819 |
| SFA (g) | 36·2 | 27·4, 50·4 | 22·5 | 19·8, 28·9 | <0·001 | 0·651 |
| MUFA (g) | 33·1 | 25·0, 43·3 | 21·8 | 17·6, 25·0 | <0·001 | 0·528 |
| PUFA (g) | 17·5 | 13·0, 21·0 | 12·0 | 9·3, 13·9 | <0·001 | 0·072 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 321 | 205, 388 | 210 | 144, 253 | <0·001 | 0·364 |
| Sugars (g) | 144·1 | 114·1, 188·2 | 107·5 | 80·4, 123·4 | <0·001 | 0·116 |
| Starch (g) | 170·5 | 130·2, 194·2 | 117·8 | 96·8, 140·9 | <0·001 | 0·529 |
| Fibre (g) | 24·8 | 19·4, 30·0 | 5·1 | 3·0, 6·5 | <0·001 | 0·952 |
| Na (mg) | 3299 | 2440, 4433 | 2336 | 2005, 2748 | <0·001 | 0·302 |
| K (mg) | 4294 | 3420, 4928 | 2371 | 2104, 2994 | <0·001 | 0·844 |
| Ca (mg) | 1372 | 1035, 1609 | 831 | 788, 1110 | <0·001 | 0·715 |
| Mg (mg) | 468 | 389, 539 | 239 | 207, 301 | <0·001 | 0·417 |
| P (mg) | 1931 | 1485, 2343 | 1169 | 1046, 1312 | <0·001 | 0·481 |
| Fe (mg) | 17·68 | 13·70, 21·34 | 10·45 | 8·55, 12·13 | <0·001 | 0·630 |
| Cu (mg) | 3·27 | 2·76, 4·36 | 1·06 | 0·86, 1·25 | <0·001 | 0·856 |
| Zn (mg) | 12·55 | 8·78, 15·25 | 7·30 | 6·28, 8·90 | <0·001 | 0·678 |
| Cl (mg) | 4986 | 3667, 6549 | 3362 | 2877, 3810 | <0·001 | 0·161 |
| Mn (mg) | 4·40 | 3·98, 6·33 | 2·66 | 2·26, 3·32 | <0·001 | 0·625 |
| Se (μg) | 67·0 | 50·0, 82·0 | 36·5 | 26·8, 48·2 | <0·001 | 0·490 |
| Iodine (μg) | 276 | 193, 368 | 152 | 112, 174 | <0·001 | 0·746 |
| Retinol (μg) | 339 | 252, 506 | 297 | 209, 345 | 0·028 | 0·592 |
| β-Carotene equivalents (μg) | 3925 | 2890, 8520 | 1608 | 951, 2088 | <0·001 | 0·699 |
| Vitamin D (μg) | 4·68 | 2·88, 6·53 | 2·24 | 1·17, 3·53 | <0·001 | 0·781 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 13·69 | 9·38, 15·76 | 8·51 | 6·63, 10·71 | <0·001 | 0·740 |
| Thiamin (mg) | 2·19 | 1·72, 2·48 | 1·43 | 1·19, 1·55 | <0·001 | 0·242 |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 2·46 | 2·03, 2·87 | 1·66 | 1·41, 1·82 | <0·001 | 0·970 |
| Niacin (mg) | 24·55 | 19·73, 28·15 | 29·90 | 26·05, 34·98 | <0·001 | 0·405 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 2·84 | 2·11, 3·37 | 1·53 | 1·32, 1·81 | <0·001 | 0·193 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 7·35 | 4·80, 9·83 | 3·65 | 2·71, 5·04 | <0·001 | 0·594 |
| Folic acid (μg) | 398 | 285, 450 | 230 | 182, 262 | <0·001 | 0·587 |
| Pantothenic acid (mg) | 7·07 | 5·27, 8·46 | 4·20 | 3·58, 5·13 | <0·001 | 0·840 |
| Biotin (μg) | 50·0 | 36·5, 61·4 | 26·1 | 22·2, 33·7 | <0·001 | 0·962 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 154·5 | 116·0, 221·2 | 108·5 | 77·6, 149·5 | 0·001 | 0·970 |
†P value, log-transformed as necessary, crude intakes (paired t test).
‡P value, log-transformed as necessary, energy-adjusted intakes (paired t test).