Table 5.
Linear regression analyses for the association between HFI score and Z-scores of nutritional status indicators among children (n 2591) aged 0–60 months after adjustment for various sociodemographic and child factors, Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011 (10 826 households)
| HAZ | WAZ | WHZ | BMIZ | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full model | Final model | Full model | Final model | Full model | Final model | Full model | Final model | |||||||||
| β | P | β | P | β | P | β | P | β | P | β | P | β | P | β | P | |
| Child’s age | −0·41 | <0·001 | −0·40 | <0·001 | −0·14 | <0·001 | −0·14 | <0·001 | 0·06 | 0·02 | 0·07 | 0·012 | 0·21 | <0·001 | 0·21 | <0·001 |
| Child’s sex | 0·03 | 0·60 | – | – | 0·06 | 0·21 | – | – | 0·12 | 0·01 | 0·11 | 0·02 | 0·06 | 0·21 | – | – |
| Child’s birth order | −0·04 | 0·04 | −0·04 | 0·03 | −0·04 | 0·03 | −0·04 | 0·03 | −0·02 | 0·25 | – | – | −0·02 | 0·27 | – | – |
| Child suffered any illness during previous 15 d | 0·03 | 0·49 | – | – | 0·01 | 0·69 | – | – | −0·02 | 0·60 | – | – | −0·01 | 0·73 | – | – |
| Mother’s highest education level | 0·14 | 0·01 | 0·20 | <0·001 | 0·14 | <0·001 | 0·17 | <0·001 | 0·09 | 0·03 | 0·10 | 0·03 | 0·06 | 0·12 | – | – |
| Anyone smokes inside the house | −0·06 | 0·55 | – | – | −0·00 | 0·98 | – | – | 0·04 | 0·49 | – | – | 0·04 | 0·52 | – | – |
| Any member of house has a bank account | 0·15 | 0·03 | 0·17 | 0·02 | 0·10 | 0·03 | 0·10 | 0·03 | −0·00 | 0·97 | – | – | −0·01 | 0·85 | – | – |
| Type of fuel used for cooking | 0·21 | 0·09 | – | – | 0·16 | 0·08 | – | – | 0·05 | 0·59 | – | – | 0·04 | 0·70 | – | – |
| Type of drinking water source | 0·01 | 0·80 | – | – | −0·06 | 0·14 | – | – | −0·09 | 0·04 | −0·09 | 0·023 | −0·10 | 0·02 | −0·13 | 0·003 |
| Is anything done to make water safe to drink? | 0·07 | 0·59 | – | – | 0·15 | 0·08 | – | – | 0·18 | 0·04 | 0·19 | 0·028 | 0·17 | 0·07 | – | – |
| Type of toilet | 0·09 | 0·32 | – | – | 0·18 | 0·01 | 0·23 | 0·001 | 0·18 | 0·02 | 0·18 | 0·01 | 0·17 | 0·04 | 0·23 | 0·001 |
| Total member’s in the household | −0·02 | 0·86 | – | – | −0·02 | 0·79 | – | – | 0·00 | 1·00 | – | – | −0·00 | 1·00 | – | – |
| HFIAS score | −0·02 | 0·04 | −0·02 | 0·01 | −0·01 | 0·04 | −0·01 | 0·013 | −0·00 | 0·68 | −0·00 | 0·67 | −0·00 | 0·79 | −0·00 | 0·20 |
HFI, household food insecurity; HAZ, height-for-age Z-score; WAZ, weight-for-age Z-score; WHZ, weight-for-height Z-score; BMIZ, BMI-for-age Z-score; HFIAS, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale.
Type of toilet was classified as no toilet/bush/field and any type of toilet; source of drinking water was classified as piped water to the house or yard, public tap and others such as well, river, spring, etc.; type of fuel used for cooking was classified as clean fuels (liquid petroleum gas, biogas and electricity) or polluting fuels (wood, animal dung, etc.).