Table 1.
Baseline comparison of key demographic, household socio-economic and peri-natal characteristics for the study groups: HIV-negative women (n 360), 34–36 weeks pregnant at baseline, Kibera slum, Nairobi, Kenya
| Study group | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CG (n 120) | FBSICG (n 120) | HBICG (n 120) | |||||
| Characteristic | n, mean or median | %, sd or range | n, mean or median | %, sd or range | n, mean or median | %, sd or range | P value (χ 2 and ANOVA) |
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Maternal age (years) | 0·369 | ||||||
| Mean, sd | 24·1 | 5·0 | 24·5 | 5·4 | 24·8 | 5·4 | |
| Median, range | 23 | 16–39 | 25 | 17–40 | 25 | 17–40 | |
| Maternal education | 0·831 | ||||||
| Primary | 90 | 75·0 | 91 | 75·8 | 90 | 75·0 | |
| Secondary | 30 | 25·0 | 29 | 24·2 | 30 | 25·0 | |
| Married women | 110 | 91·7 | 12 | 93·3 | 111 | 92·5 | 0·466 |
| Maternal occupation | 0·220 | ||||||
| Housewife | 88 | 71·7 | 73 | 60·8 | 92 | 76·7 | |
| Formally employed | 12 | 10·0 | 14 | 10·0 | 14 | 11·7 | |
| Self-employed | 12 | 10·0 | 22 | 18·3 | 15 | 12·5 | |
| Household characteristics | |||||||
| Household size | |||||||
| Mean, sd | 3.8 | 1·7 | 3·5 | 1·3 | 3·9 | 1·8 | 0·130 |
| Median, range | 4.0 | 2–10 | 3·0 | 1–7 | 3·0 | 1–10 | |
| Monthly house rent† | |||||||
| Mean, sd | 709 | 306 | 712 | 382 | 654 | 259 | 0·294 |
| Median, range | 700 | 200–2000 | 600 | 100–3000 | 500 | 300–1800 | |
| Living in rented house | 117 | 97·5 | 115 | 95·8 | 116 | 96·7 | 0·770 |
| Lighting source | 0·594 | ||||||
| Kerosene | 101 | 84·1 | 95 | 79·2 | 99 | 82·5 | |
| Electricity | 19 | 15·8 | 25 | 20·8 | 21 | 17·5 | |
| Cooking fuel | 0·523 | ||||||
| Kerosene | 82 | 68·3 | 85 | 70·8 | 83 | 69·2 | |
| Charcoal | 34 | 28·3 | 31 | 25·8 | 36 | 30·1 | |
| Ownership of items | |||||||
| Television | 28 | 23·3 | 34 | 29·2 | 29 | 24·2 | 0·538 |
| Radio | 110 | 91·7 | 102 | 85·0 | 105 | 87·5 | 0·262 |
| Telephone | 54 | 45·0 | 48 | 40·0 | 51 | 68·3 | 0·736 |
| Land | 82 | 68·3 | 79 | 65·8 | 82 | 68·3 | 0·892 |
| Sofa-sets | 75 | 62·5 | 72 | 60·0 | 73 | 60·8 | 0·931 |
| Peri-natal characteristics | |||||||
| 1st ANC visit (weeks), mean | 25·8 | – | 25·8 | – | 25·9 | – | 0·592 |
| No. of ANC visits, mean | 3·1 | – | 3·2 | – | 3·1 | – | 0·981 |
| Parity, mean | 1·6 | – | 1·5 | – | 1·6 | – | 0·715 |
| Knowledge about feeding practices | |||||||
| Breast milk first feed | 98 | 81·7 | 107 | 89·2 | 104 | 86·7 | 0·481 |
| Start breast-feeding in 1 h | 42 | 35·0 | 62 | 51·7 | 54 | 45·0 | 0·027* |
| Breast-feed for 2 years | 73 | 60·8 | 85 | 60·8 | 85 | 70·8 | 0·243 |
| EBF for 6 months | 26 | 21·7 | 23 | 19·2 | 31 | 25·8 | 0·369 |
CG, control group; FBSICG, facility-based semi-intensive counselling group; HBICG, home-based intensive counselling group; ANC, antenatal clinic; EBF, exclusive breast-feeding.
Data are presented as n and % unless indicated otherwise.
*Significant difference (χ 2 test): P < 0.05.
†Amount in Ksh (Kenya shillings); 70 Ksh = $US 1 (June 2006).