Table 2.
The potential impact of the analysed selective taxation scenario. Effect illustrated as absolute (DALY per 100 000 people) and relative (PIF) change in DALY compared with baseline for each association between nutritional exposures and health outcomes and summed for each nutritional exposure
| Nutritional exposure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline DALY for | Fruit and vegetables | Fibre | Fat | Saturated fat | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Health outcome | health outcome | PIF (%) | DALY | PIF (%) | DALY | PIF (%) | DALY | PIF (%) | DALY | ||||||||||||||||
| IHD | 910 | 2·4 | 21·9 | 0·9 | 7·9 | – | – | – | – | ||||||||||||||||
| Ischaemic stroke | 462* | 1·4 | 6·4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||||||||||
| Colorectal cancer | 324 | – | – | 0·6 | 1·9 | – | – | – | – | ||||||||||||||||
| Lung cancer | 502 | 0·9 | 4·6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||||||||||
| Breast cancer | 284 | – | – | 0·4 | 1·2 | 0·8 | 2·4 | 0·6 | 1·8 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total change in DALY for exposure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sum | 32·9 | 11·0 | 2·4 | 1·8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 95% CI | 10·3, 58·2 | 5·6, 17·1 | 0·5, 4·4 | 0·5, 3·1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
DALY, disability-adjusted life years; PIF, potential impact fraction.
– indicates that no or insufficient evidence was found for the given association.
*WHO's estimate of burden of disease from stroke covers both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. However, only ischaemic stroke was associated with intake of fruit and vegetables( 10 ). Assuming equal burden of disease from the two outcomes, burden of disease from ischaemic stroke was calculated as the relative share of ischaemic stroke in Denmark (80–85%)( 32 ).