Table 4.
Mean daily intakes of energy (kilojoules/kilocalories) and macronutrients (grams and percentage contribution to total energy intake) according to per capita monthly household income quartile; National Dietary Survey, Brazil, 2008–2009
| Per capita monthly household income quartiles | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | |||||
| (n 8185) | (n 8189) | (n 8185) | (n 8190) | |||||
| Energy and macronutrients | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd |
| Total energy (kJ) | 7481a | 2682 | 7971b | 2703 | 8004b | 2757 | 8201c | 2807 |
| Total energy (kcal) | 1788a | 641 | 1905b | 646 | 1913b | 659 | 1960c | 671 |
| Energy density (kJ/g) | 6·82 | 0·92 | 6·82 | 0·92 | 6·86 | 0·92 | 6·78 | 0·88 |
| Energy density (kcal/g) | 1·63 | 0·22 | 1·63 | 0·22 | 1·64 | 0·22 | 1·62 | 0·21 |
| Total carbohydrates (g) | 252 | 95 | 265 | 94 | 265 | 95 | 267 | 98 |
| % of total energy intake | 57a | 7 | 56b | 7 | 56b | 7 | 55c | 6 |
| Added sugar (g) | 54 | 33 | 63 | 39 | 65 | 41 | 70 | 43 |
| % of total energy intake | 12a | 6 | 13b | 6 | 13b,c | 6 | 14c | 6 |
| Total fibre (g) | 20a,b | 9 | 21a | 9 | 20a | 9 | 20b | 9 |
| Insoluble fibre (g) | 11a | 7 | 11b | 6 | 11b | 6 | 11a | 5 |
| Total protein (g) | 78 | 34 | 80 | 32 | 80 | 31 | 82 | 30 |
| % of total energy intake | 17a | 4 | 17b | 3 | 17b | 3 | 17a,b | 3 |
| Animal protein (g) | 47 | 29 | 49 | 26 | 50 | 25 | 54 | 24 |
| % of total energy intake | 10a | 5 | 10a | 4 | 10a | 4 | 11b | 3 |
| Total fat (g) | 52 | 22 | 58 | 23 | 59 | 24 | 62 | 24 |
| % of total energy intake | 26a | 5 | 27b | 5 | 27c | 5 | 28d | 4 |
| Saturated fat (g) | 17 | 8 | 19 | 9 | 20 | 9 | 22 | 10 |
| % of total energy intake | 8a | 2 | 9b | 2 | 9c | 2 | 10d | 2 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (g) | 12 | 5 | 13 | 5 | 13 | 5 | 12 | 5 |
| % of total energy intake | 6a | 1·2 | 6a,b | 1·1 | 6b | 1·1 | 6c | 1·1 |
| Monounsaturated fat (g) | 17 | 8 | 19 | 8 | 20 | 9 | 21 | 9 |
| % of total energy intake | 8a | 2 | 9b | 2 | 9c | 2 | 9d | 2 |
| Trans fat (g) | 1·9 | 1·6 | 2·4 | 1·8 | 2·5 | 1·9 | 2·5 | 1·7 |
| % of total energy intake | 0·92a | 0·68 | 1·1b | 0·69 | 1·1b | 0·72 | 1·1b | 0·65 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 250a,b | 135 | 255a,b | 131 | 250a | 124 | 257b | 116 |
| Linoleic acid (n-6) (g) | 10·4a | 4·2 | 10·9b | 4·2 | 10·9b | 4·4 | 10·7b | 4·4 |
| Linolenic acid (n-3) (g) | 1·3a | 0·5 | 1·4b | 0·5 | 1·4b | 0·6 | 1·4b | 0·6 |
| n-6:n-3 ratio | 7·9a | 1·0 | 7·7b | 1·1 | 7·6c | 0·98 | 7·4d | 1·0 |
| Alcohol (g) | 0·4 | 4·0 | 1·1 | 9·1 | 1·3 | 8·4 | 2·7 | 12·6 |
| % of total energy intake | 0·1a | 1·2 | 0·3b | 2·1 | 0·4b | 2·3 | 0·7c | 3·2 |
a,b,c,dMean values within a row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (P < 0·05).