Table 3.
A summary of the programme components of the seventeen studies that reported on a depression outcome
| Intervention delivery method | Interventionist | Dietary components (specified in paper) | Weight/exercise focus | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variety of delivery methods (e.g. combination of group and individual sessions) | Group only | Individual only | Written only | Trained professional (clinical psychologist or postdoctoral researcher) | Trained professional (dietitian or professional trained in nutritional science) | Combination of trained professionals (including a dietitian) | Nutritionist | Lay person | High fibre intake/more fruit and vegetables | More fish | Reduce intake of red meat/select leaner meat products/low-cholesterol diet | Weight-loss focus/reports on weight change | Diet+exercise focus | |
| Positive outcome (☺): intervention performed statistically significantly better than control group (n 8) | ||||||||||||||
| Study ID (n) | Andersen 2004 Ghroubi 2009 Merrill 2008 Nieman 2000* Scheier 2005 (n 5) | Endevelt 2011 Jenkinson 2009 (n 2) | Garcia-Toro 2012 (n 1) | Andersen 2004 (n 1) | Endevelt 2011 Ghroubi 2009 Nieman 2000* Scheier 2005 (n 4) | Jenkinson 2009 Merrill 2008 (n 2) | Andersen 2004 Garcia-Toro 2012 Jenkinson 2009 Merrill 2008 Nieman 2000* Scheier 2005 (n 6) | Garcia-Toro 2012 (n 1) | Merrill 2008 (n 1) | Ghroubi 2009 Jenkinson 2009 Nieman 2000 (n 3) | Andersen 2004 Garcia-Toro 2012 Ghroubi 2009 Jenkinson 2009 (group 1) Merrill 2008 Nieman 2000* (group 2) (n 6) | |||
| Study ID – information NA | Garcia-Toro 2012 (n 1) | |||||||||||||
| Total % | 0 | 62·5 | 25 | 12·5 | 14·3 | 57·1 | 28·6 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 12·5 | 12·5 | 37·5 | 75 |
| Total % | 0 | 100 | 14·3 | 85·7 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 50 | 75 | |||||
| Not significantly different (NS): intervention group did not perform statistically significantly better than control group (n 9) | ||||||||||||||
| Study ID (n) | Glasgow 2006 Hyyppa 2003 Imayama 2011 Toobert 2007 Wardle 2000 (n 5) | Kiernan 2001 (n 1) | Einvik 2010 Forster 2012 (n 2) | Forster 2012 (n 1) | Imayama 2011 Kiernan 2001 (n 2) | Toobert 2007 Wardle 2000 (n 2) | Einvik 2010 Hyyppa 2003 (n 2) | Glasgow 2006 McMillan 2011 (n 2) | Einvik 2010 Forster 2012 Glasgow 2006 Hyyppa 2003 McMillan 2011 Toobert 2007 Wardle 2000 (n 7) | Einvik 2010 Forster 2012 Hyyppa 2003 McMillan 2011 Toobert 2007 Wardle 2000 (n 6) | Einvik 2010 Hyyppa 2003 Kiernan 2001 McMillan 2011 Toobert 2007 Wardle 2000 (n 6) | Forster 2012 Glasgow 2006 Hyyppa 2003 Imayama 2011 Kiernan 2001 McMillan 2011 Wardle 2000 (n 7) | Glasgow 2006 Imayama 2011 (group 2) Kiernan 2001 (group 2) Toobert 2007 (n 4) | |
| Study ID – information NA | McMillan 2011 (n 1) | |||||||||||||
| Total % | 62·5 | 12·5 | 25·0 | 0 | 11·1 | 22·2 | 22·2 | 22·2 | 22·2 | 77·8 | 66·7 | 66·7 | 77·8 | 44·4 |
| Total % | 62·5 | 37·5 | 11·1 | 44·4 | 22·2 | 22·2 | 77·8 | 100 | 44·4 | |||||
*
Nieman 2000: reported on GWBS (General Well-Being Schedule) and POMS (Profile of Mood States) outcomes; results were only positive for GWBS scales in the exercise and diet group (ED).