Table 3.
Means and standard deviations in PMT and PMT with child CBT from pre-treatment to two years follow up, and between-group effect sizes (standardized mean differences, Cohen’s d) at the 2-year follow-up
| Measure | PMT | PMT with Child CBT | 2 YEAR Between group effect size | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRE n = 55 |
POST n = 41 |
1 YEAR n = 29 |
2 YEAR n = 31 |
PRE n = 63 |
POST n = 59 |
1 YEAR n = 42 |
2 YEAR n = 52 |
||
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | Cohen’s da [95% CI] |
|
| Child behavior problems | |||||||||
| DBD ODD | 13.95 (4.49) | 11.30 (5.00) | 11.07 (5.34) | 9.03 (4.15) | 13.94 (3.98) | 10.86 (4.73) | 10.54 (5.49) | 10.90 (5.79) | -0.37 [-0.82, 0.08] |
| Child social skills | |||||||||
| P-COMP | 28.29 (7.34) | 30.50 (7.82) | 32.96 (7.44) | 33.43 (7.05) | 27.52 (5.92) | 33.14 (8.10) | 32.24 (8.34) | 33.22 (7.96) | -0.02 [-0.47, 0.42] |
| SDQ Prosocial | 6.05 (1.93) | 6.29 (2.21) | 5.90 (2.54) | 6.39 (2.32) | 5.70 (2.01) | 6.63 (2.0) | 5.90 (2.04) | 5.73 (2.15) | -0.30 [-0.74, 0.15] |
| SSRS | 47.40 (9.76) | 48.63 (11.10) | 50.61 (9.90) | 52.66 (15.49) | 46.20 (10.56) | 51.39 (12.08) | 49.10 (13.54) | 49.94 (12.76) | -0.19 [-0.64, 0.25] |
| Parental skills and competences | |||||||||
| PPI Harsh | 35.60 (10.24) | 24.90 (7.70) | 26.54 (7.31) | 28.29 (9.84) | 32.10 (10.53) | 23.69 (8.21) | 26.57 (10.17) | 25.40 (9.03) | 0.31 [-0.14, 0.75] |
| PPI Praise | 36.27 (8.44) | 41.90 (7.72) | 37.61 (7.73) | 37.29 (8.76) | 35.59 (9.46) | 39.81 (8.61) | 37.71 (7.52) | 36.96 (7.68) | -0.04 [-0.48, 0.40] |
| PSS | 27.28 (5.47) | 24.66 (7.05) | 23.93 (7.04) | 25.70 (6.27) | 28.77 (6.67) | 25.10 (6.58) | 25.98 (6.65) | 25.62 (6.69) | 0.01 [-0.43, 0.46] |
aA negative effect-size indicate an advantage to the PMT condition
DBD ODD = The Parent/Teacher Disruptive Behavior Disorder rating scale – Oppositional Defiant Disorder scale, P-COMP = Social Competence Scale-Parent, SSRS = Social Skills Rating System total scale, SDQ prosocial = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires Prosocial scale; PPI harsh = Parenting Practices Interview harsh and inconsistent discipline; PPI Praise = Parenting Practices Interview praise and incentives scale; PSS = Perceived Parental Stress