Table 1.
Summary of the impact of frailty on health status outcomes in cardiovascular disease.
| Cardiovascular condition | Common health status measures | Impact of frailty on cross-sectional health status | Impact of frailty on longitudinal health status | Impact of frailty on health status treatment outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart failure | Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire |
Worse health status19–25 | Greater likelihood of clinically significant health status deterioration20 |
LVAD: potentially reverses frailty. Patients no longer frail after LVAD derive larger health status benefits compared with those still frail26
Sacubitril-valsartan: similar health status improvements in frail versus non-frail patients with HFpEF.23 Not yet studied in HFrEF SGLT2 inhibitors: greater health status improvements as degree of frailty increases in HFrEF and HFpEF21,24 Exercise therapy: improves frailty markers and health status, 30 similar health status improvements in frail versus non-frail patients22 |
| Valvular heart disease | Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire | Worse health status31, 32 | Persistently poor health status after TAVI34–36 | No differential treatment benefit with TAVI versus SAVR38,39
Greater health status benefit in frail versus non-frail patients with M-TEER40 |
| Coronary artery disease | Seattle Angina Questionnaire | Similar angina burden46
More related limitations Worse related quality of life |
Not yet studied | Not yet studied |
| Peripheral artery disease | Walking Impairment Questionnaire Peripheral Artery Questionnaire |
Worse physical function48 Unknown impact on symptoms and quality of life | Not yet studied | Not yet studied |
| Atrial fibrillation | Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality of Life Questionnaire | Possibly worse health status50,51 | Not yet studied | Not yet studied |
Abbreviations: LVAD, left ventricular assist device; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation; SAVR, surgical aortic valve replacement; M-TEER, mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair.