Table 1.

Cognitive Outcomes

Outcome	Measure(s)
Global Cognitive Function	Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Cognitively Normal vs. MCI/Dementia	IADRC Clinical Consensus (based on neuroimaging, cognitive testing, etc.)
Attention (dropped)	Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Digit Span Forward Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Digit Span Backward
Processing Speed	Trail Making Test Part A Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised (WAIS–R) Digit Symbol Substitution Test
Executive Function	Trail Making Test Part B (Task-Switching)
Episodic Memory	Craft Story 21 Recall (Delayed) Paraphrase Scoring Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) Delayed Recall Benson Complex Figure Recall
Language	Animal Naming Vegetable Naming Multilingual Naming Test (MINT)
Visuospatial Skills	Benson Complex Figure Copy
Brain Reserve	Standardized residual after regressing MoCA on intracranial volume, total hippocampal volume, total amygdala volume, white matter hyperintensities volume (logged), and thickness of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobe