Figure 2.

mRNA expression related to serotonin, cytokine, and mucin according to constipation induction and multi-strain probiotics Consti-Biome treatment. mRNA expression level in the colon of normal control (NOR), loperamide administration (LOP), positive control (PC), low concentration multi-strain probiotics administration (G1, 2 × 10⁸ cfu/mL), medium concentration multi-strain probiotics administration (G2, 2 × 10⁹ cfu/mL), and high concentration probiotic administration (G3, 2 × 10¹⁰ cfu/mL) groups were measured 2 weeks after the multi-strain probiotics’ treatment. Data are mean ± SEM of 7 animals. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, significantly different from the LOP as per one-way ANOVA with the Tukey’s post-test.