Figure 3.

Automated training via the closed-loop control of music results in more symmetric and economical walking. Gait rehabilitation fully automated by the closed-loop control of music significantly improves the walking quality of people post-stroke, measured as a reduction in gait asymmetry (A-C) and the energetic cost of walking (D). Gait asymmetry is calculated for step, stance, and swing times as the ratio of the difference between limbs divided by the sum of both limbs, with “0” indicative of no asymmetry. Energetic impairment is calculated as the difference from the normative energetic cost of walking of healthy older adults (ie, 0.168 ml/kg/m), with “0” indicative of no energetic impairment. (E) Changes in energetic impairment after training were highly related to baseline energetic impairment. All individuals with a baseline energetic impairment (green) reduced their energetic cost of walking after training. In contrast, individuals without an energetic cost impairment (purple) modestly increased their energetic cost of walking after training. Group and individual subject data are shown.

Note. All group data are reported as medians ± sIQR.